@article{fdi:010062287,
  title = {{G}ambiense human african trypanosomiasis and immunological memory : effect on phenotypic lymphocyte profiles and humoral immunity},
  author = {{L}ejon, {V}eerle and {N}goyi, {D}. {M}. and {K}estens, {L}. and {B}oel, {L}. and {B}arbe, {B}. and {B}etu, {V}. {K}. and van {G}riensven, {J}. and {B}ottieau, {E}. and {T}amfum, {J}. {J}. {M}. and {J}acobs, {J}. and {B}uscher, {P}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{I}n mice, experimental infection with {T}rypanosoma brucei causes decreased bone marrow {B}-cell development, abolished splenic {B}-cell maturation and loss of antibody mediated protection including vaccine induced memory responses. {N}othing is known about this phenomenon in human {A}frican trypanosomiasis ({HAT}), but if occurring, it would imply the need of revaccination of {HAT} patients after therapy and abolish hope for a {HAT} vaccine. {T}he effect of gambiense {HAT} on peripheral blood memory {T}- and {B}-cells and on innate and vaccine induced antibody levels was examined. {T}he percentage of memory {B}- and {T}-cells was quantified in peripheral blood, prospectively collected in {DR} {C}ongo from 117 {T}rypanosoma brucei gambiense infected {HAT} patients before and six months after treatment and 117 controls at the same time points. {A}ntibodies against carbohydrate antigens on red blood cells and against measles were quantified. {B}efore treatment, significantly higher percentages of memory {B}-cells, mainly {T}-independent memory {B}-cells, were observed in {HAT} patients compared to controls ({CD}20+{CD}27+{I}g{M}+, 13.0% versus 2.0%, p<0.001). {T}he percentage of memory {T}-cells, mainly early effector/memory {T}-cells, was higher in {HAT} ({CD}3+{CD}45{RO}+{CD}27+, 19.4% versus 16.7%, p = 0.003). {A}fter treatment, the percentage of memory {T}-cells normalized, the percentage of memory {B}-cells did not. {T}he median anti-red blood cell carbohydrate {I}g{M} level was one titer lower in {HAT} patients than in controls (p<0.004), and partially normalized after treatment. {A}nti-measles antibody concentrations were lower in {HAT} patients than in controls (medians of 1500 versus 2250 m{IU}/ml, p = 0.02), and remained so after treatment, but were above the cut-off level assumed to provide protection in 94.8% of {HAT} patients, before and after treatment (versus 98.3% of controls, p = 0.3). {A}lthough functionality of the {B}-cells was not verified, the results suggest that immunity was conserved in {T}.b. gambiense infected {HAT} patients and that {B}-cell dysfunction might not be that severe as in mouse models.},
  keywords = {{REPUBLIQUE} {DEMOCRATIQUE} {DU} {CONGO}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}los {P}athogens},
  volume = {10},
  numero = {3},
  pages = {e1003947},
  ISSN = {1553-7366},
  year = {2014},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.ppat.1003947},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010062287},
}