@article{fdi:010062200,
  title = {{T}ropical high-altitude {A}ndean lakes located above the tree line attenuate {UV}-{A} radiation more strongly than typical temperate alpine lakes},
  author = {{A}guilera, {X}. and {L}azzaro, {X}avier and {C}oronel, {J}.{S}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}ropical high-altitude {A}ndean lakes are physically harsh ecosystems. {L}ocated above the treeline (>= 4000 m a.s.l.), they share common features with temperate alpine lakes, which impose extreme conditions on their aquatic organisms: e. g., strong winds, broad diel variations in water temperature, and intense solar ultraviolet radiation ({UVR}). {H}owever, because of their latitude, they differ in two major ecological characteristics: they lack ice cover during the winter and they do not present summer water column stratification. {W}e sampled 26 tropical high-altitude {A}ndean lakes from three regions of the {B}olivian {E}astern {A}ndes {C}ordillera during the wet period (austral summer). {W}e performed an ordination to better describe the typology of {A}ndean lakes in relation to the environmental variables, and we assessed the relationships among them, focussing on the {UV}-{A} transparency (360 nm) throughout the water column. {W}e found a positive correlation between {UV}-{A} transparency calculated as {Z}(1%) (the depth which reaches 1% of the surface {UV}-{A}), the lake maximum depth and {S}ecchi transparency (r = 0.61). {Z}(1%) of {UV}-{A} was smaller in shallow lakes than in deep lakes, indicating that shallow lakes are less transparent to {UV}-{A} than deep lakes. {W}e hypothesize that, compared to shallow lakes, deep lakes (maximum depth > 10 m) may have lower dissolved organic carbon ({DOC}) concentrations (that absorb {UV} radiation) due to lower temperature and reduced macrophyte cover. {B}ased on our data, tropical high-altitude {A}ndean lakes are less transparent to {UV}-{A} ({K}-d range = 1.4-11.0 m (1); {Z}(1%) depth range = 0.4-3.2 m) than typical temperate alpine lakes (1-6 m (1), 3-45 m, respectively). {M}oreover, they differ in vertical profiles of {UV}-{A}, chlorophyll-a, and temperature, suggesting that they may have a distinct ecological functioning. {S}uch peculiarities justify treating tropical high-altitude {A}ndean lakes as a separate category of alpine lakes. {T}ropical high-altitude {A}ndean lakes have been poorly studied. {T}hus they deserve more in-depth studies in the face of global changes regarding the use of their {UV} transparency as a sentinel proxy of climate changes, particularly global warming.},
  keywords = {{ANDES} ; {ZONE} {TROPICALE} ; {BOLIVIE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}hotochemical and {P}hotobiological {S}ciences},
  volume = {12},
  numero = {9},
  pages = {1649--1657},
  ISSN = {1474-905{X}},
  year = {2013},
  DOI = {10.1039/c3pp25285j},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010062200},
}