@article{fdi:010061818,
  title = {{C}omparison of field-based xenodiagnosis and direct membrane feeding assays for evaluating host infectiousness to malaria vector {A}nopheles gambiae},
  author = {{G}ouagna, {L}ouis-{C}l{\'e}ment and {Y}ao, {F}. and {Y}ameogo, {B}. and {D}abire, {R}. {K}. and {O}uedraogo, {J}. {B}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{S}everal techniques are currently being used to study host infectiousness to mosquitoes, including the experimental possibility of laboratory reared mosquitoes acquiring infections through membrane feeders or directly on host skin. {H}ere, the relative performance of the laboratory-based membrane feeding method ({DMFA}) and the field-based xenodiagnosis ({XD}) of malaria infectious hosts using wild {A}nopheles mosquitoes were compared. {A} cross-sectional survey involving a sample of 70 children (aged 3-12 years) living in a malaria endemic area in {W}estern {B}urkina {F}aso, was carried out to measure their infectiousness to {A}nopheles mosquitoes using two approaches. {T}he first approach used the xenodiagnostic procedure in which children were exposed to mosquito bites overnight, being sleeping individually in different sentinel huts from 6 pm to 6 am (4 nights per child). {A}nopheles sp that had acquired blood-meal on each child were subsequently collected early in the morning, and examined for {P}lasmodium falciparum oocyst infection on day 7 post-feeding. {I}n the second approach, the infectiousness of the same children was estimated by whole-blood membrane feeding procedure using {F}0 {A}n. gambiae s.l. that emerged from field-collected larvae cohorts. {I}n the {DMFA}, 41.4% of the children successfully infected at least one mosquito with the mean oocyst prevalence of only 4.6 +/- 1.1% in the 2171 mosquitoes that were examined (mean oocyst intensity: 2.0 +/- (std error of mean) 0.3 oocysts per infected midgut). {C}omparatively 78.6% of children yielded oocysts infection in mosquitoes during the {XD} approach ({C}hi square = 20.11, df = 1; p < 0.001), with a mean rate of 19.6 +/- 2.0 in the 3752 wild caught mosquitoes (mean intensity: 3.93 +/- 0.2 oocysts per infected mosquito). {T}he {DMFA} failed to reveal a portion (n = 26) of infectious individuals that were sharply evidenced by the {XD}, particularly at low gametocyte densities or at levels that could not be detected by the classical microscopic examination of blood smears. {A}s opposed to the resource consuming {DMFA}, which is often mined by technical constraints, using the {XD} method could be an advantage in experimental investigations of host infectiousness in areas where anopheline species cannot be conveniently reared for the experimental studies. {E}thical aspects of this approach, mainly related to exposure of the human subjects to potentially infectious mosquito bites are discussed.},
  keywords = {{M}alaria transmission ; {A}nopheles spp. ; {H}ost infectiousness ; {P}lasmodium falciparum ; {G}ametocytes ; {O}ocysts ; {M}embrane feeding ; {X}enodiagnosis ; {BURKINA} {FASO}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{A}cta {T}ropica},
  volume = {130},
  numero = {},
  pages = {131--139},
  ISSN = {0001-706{X}},
  year = {2014},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.actatropica.2013.10.022},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010061818},
}