@article{fdi:010061792,
  title = {{P}resent trans-{P}acific disjunct distribution of {A}ristolochia subgenus {I}sotrema ({A}ristolochiaceae) was shaped bydispersal, vicariance and extinction},
  author = {{G}onzalez, {F}. and {W}agner, {S}. {T}. and {S}alomo, {K}. and {S}ymmank, {L}. and {S}amain, {M}. {S}. and {I}snard, {S}andrine and {R}owe, {N}. {P}. and {N}einhuis, {C}. and {W}anke, {S}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{A}im {I}sotrema is a monophyletic subgenus of {A}ristolochia with species in {E}ast {A}sia and {N}orth/{C}entral {A}merica. {E}arlier studies, based on limited sampling, suggested that the {A}sian and {A}merican species do not form two reciprocal sister clades. {W}e reconstructed phylogenetic relationships within {I}sotrema to infer the biogeographical events that have shaped its present-day distribution. {L}ocation {E}astern {A}sia, {N}orth {A}merica, {M}exico, {C}entral {A}merica. {M}ethods {W}e performed parsimony and {B}ayesian phylogenetic analyses of 54 accessions using three chloroplast regions. {T}he temporal origins were traced with relaxed phylogenetics and penalized likelihood using fossil calibrations; these methods were combined with ancestral area reconstructions in a comparative approach using statistical dispersal-vicariance analysis ({S}-{DIVA}) and dispersal-extinction-cladogenesis ({DEC}) analyses. {R}esults {T}he ancestors of the herbaceous eastern {N}orth {A}merican species and the woody species probably diverged during the {O}ligocene. {T}he woody species form a {N}eotropical and a {N}orth {A}merican/{E}astern {A}sian clade. {D}iversification in the {N}eotropical and {N}orth {A}merican/{E}astern {A}sian clades occurred mostly in the {M}iocene. {I}n the latter clade, two further intercontinental splits are reconstructed: between the exclusively western {N}orth {A}merican {A}ristolochia californica and most of the {A}sian taxa, and between {A}. manshuriensis and {A}. tomentosa. {M}ain conclusions {T}he present distribution of {I}sotrema developed via a number of dispersal, vicariance and extinction events. {T}he disjunct distributions observed may be the result mainly of non-synchronous events (e. g. a decrease of mean annual temperature in the {O}ligocene and the development of unfavourable conditions across the {B}ering land bridge) that were responsible for the fragmentation of the mesophytic forests. {L}ater diversifications may be correlated with events such as the orogeny of the {W}estern {C}ordillera and {A}ppalachian {M}ountains, the development of extensive grasslands in {N}orth {A}merica, and the mainland extension of {C}entral {A}merica southwards to western and central {P}anama.},
  keywords = {{A}ristolochia ; {A}sian-{A}merican disjunction ; {B}eringian biota ; diversification ; long-distance dispersal ; phylogeography ; {P}iperales ; {T}ertiary ; trn{K}-mat{K}-trn{K}-psb{A} ; {ASIE} ; {AMERIQUE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {B}iogeography},
  volume = {41},
  numero = {2},
  pages = {380--391},
  ISSN = {0305-0270},
  year = {2014},
  DOI = {10.1111/jbi.12198},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010061792},
}