@article{fdi:010061789,
  title = {{F}ield evaluation of dried blood spots for routine {HIV}-1 viral load and drug resistance monitoring in patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in {A}frica and {A}sia},
  author = {{M}onleau, {M}. and {A}ghokeng {F}obang, {A}velin and {E}ymard-{D}uvernay, {S}abrina and {D}agnra, {A}. and {K}ania, {D}. and {N}go-{G}iang-{H}uong, {N}icole and {T}oure-{K}ane, {C}. and {T}ruong, {L}. {X}. {T}. and {C}haix, {M}. {L}. and {D}elaporte, {E}ric and {A}youba, {A}hidjo and {P}eeters, {M}artine},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{D}ried blood spots ({DBS}) can be used in developing countries to alleviate the logistic constraints of using blood plasma specimens for viral load ({VL}) and {HIV} drug resistance ({HIVDR}) testing, but they should be assessed under field conditions. {B}etween 2009 and 2011, we collected paired plasma-{DBS} samples from treatment-experienced {HIV}-1-infected adults in {B}urkina {F}aso, {C}ameroon, {S}enegal, {T}ogo, {T}hailand, and {V}ietnam. {T}he {DBS} were stored at an ambient temperature for 2 to 4 weeks and subsequently at -20 degrees {C} before testing. {VL} testing was performed on the plasma samples and {DBS} using locally available methods: the {A}bbott m2000rt {HIV}-1 test, generic {G}2 real-time {PCR}, or the {N}ucli{SENS} {E}asy{Q} version 1.2 test. {I}n the case of virological failure ({VF}), i.e., a plasma {VL} of >= 1,000 copies/ml, {HIVDR} genotyping was performed on paired plasma-{DBS} samples. {O}verall, we compared 382 plasma-{DBS} sample pairs for {DBS} {VL} testing accuracy. {T}he sensitivities of the different assays in different laboratories for detecting {VF} using {DBS} varied from 75% to 100% for the m2000rt test in labs {B}, {C}, and {D}, 91% to 93% for generic {G}2 real-time {PCR} in labs {A} and {F}, and 85% for the {N}ucli{SENS} test in lab {E}. {T}he specificities varied from 82% to 97% for the m2000rt and {N}ucli{SENS} tests and reached only 60% for the generic {G}2 test. {T}he {N}ucli{SENS} test showed good agreement between plasma and {DBS} {VL} but underestimated the {DBS} {VL}. {T}he lowest agreement was observed for the generic {G}2 test. {G}enotyping was successful for 96/124 (77%) {DBS} tested, and 75/96 (78%) plasma-{DBS} pairs had identical {HIVDR} mutations. {S}ignificant discrepancies in resistance interpretations were observed in 9 cases, 6 of which were from the same laboratory. {DBS} can be successfully used as an alternative to blood plasma samples for routine {VL} and {HIVDR} monitoring in {A}frican and {A}sian settings. {H}owever, the selection of an adequate {VL} measurement method and the definition of the {VF} threshold should be considered, and laboratory performance should be monitored.},
  keywords = {{BURKINA} {FASO} ; {CAMROUN} ; {SENEGAL} ; {TOGO} ; {THAILANDE} ; {VIETNAM}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {C}linical {M}icrobiology},
  volume = {52},
  numero = {2},
  pages = {578--586},
  ISSN = {0095-1137},
  year = {2014},
  DOI = {10.1128/jcm.02860-13},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010061789},
}