@article{fdi:010061748,
  title = {{E}ntomological and parasitological impacts of indoor residual spraying with {DDT}, alphacypermethrin and deltamethrin in the western foothill area of {M}adagascar},
  author = {{R}atovonjato, {J}. and {R}andrianarivelojosia, {M}. and {R}akotondrainibe, {M}. {E}. and {R}aharimanga, {V}. and {A}ndrianaivolambo, {L}. and {L}e {G}off, {G}ilbert and {R}ogier, {C}. and {A}riey, {F}. and {B}oyer, {S}{\'e}bastien and {R}obert, {V}incent},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground: {I}n {M}adagascar, indoor residual spraying ({IRS}) with insecticide was part of the national malaria control programme since the middle of the twentieth century. {I}t was mainly employed in the highlands and the foothill areas, which are prone to malaria epidemics. {P}rior to a policy change foreseeing a shift from {DDT} to pyrethroids, a study was carried out to assess the entomological and parasitological impacts of {IRS} in areas with {DDT} or pyrethroids and in areas without {IRS}. {M}ethods: {T}he study was carried out from {O}ctober 2002 to {F}ebruary 2005 in three communes of the western foothill area of {M}adagascar. {T}wo communes received {IRS} with {DDT} in {F}ebruary 2003, then {IRS} with pyrethroids (alphacypermethrin or deltamethrin) in {F}ebruary 2004. {T}he third commune remained untreated. {M}osquitoes were collected at night using human landing catches and early in the morning in resting places. {B}lood smears were obtained from schoolchildren and microscopically examined for {P}lasmodium presence. {R}esults: {I}n total, 18,168 human landing mosquitoes and 12,932 resting anophelines were collected. {T}he {A}nopheles species caught comprised 10 species. {T}he main and most abundant malaria vector was {A}nopheles funestus (72.3% of human-seeking malaria vectors caught indoors). {A}fter {IRS} had taken place, this species exhibited a lower human biting rate and a lower sporozoite index. {O}verall, 5,174 blood smears were examined with a mean plasmodic index of 19.9%. {A} total of four {P}lasmodium species were detected. {A}mongst tested school children the highest plasmodial index was 54.6% in the untreated commune, compared to 19.9% in the commune sprayed with {DDT} and 11.9% in the commune sprayed with pyrethroid. {T}he highest prevalence of clinical malaria attacks in children present at school the day of the survey was 33% in the untreated commune compared to 8% in the areas which received {IRS}. {C}onclusion: {I}n terms of public health, the present study shows (1) a high efficacy of {IRS} with insecticide, (2) a similar efficacy of {DDT} and pyrethroid and (3) a similar efficacy of alphacypermethrin and deltamethrin. {T}he use of {IRS} with {DDT} and pyrethroid greatly decreased the vector-human contact, with an associated decrease of the plasmodial index. {H}owever malaria transmission did not reach zero, probably due to the exophilic host- seeking and resting behaviours of the malaria vectors, thus avoiding contact with insecticide-treated surfaces indoors. {T}he study highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the {IRS} implementation and the need for complementary tools for an optimal vector control in {M}adagascar.},
  keywords = {{I}ndoor residual spraying ; {DDT} ; {P}yrethroids ; {A}nopheles funestus ; {A}nopheles arabiensis ; {A}nopheles mascarensis ; {P}lasmodium falciparum ; {M}alaria ; {MADAGASCAR}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{M}alaria {J}ournal},
  volume = {13},
  numero = {},
  pages = {21 [18  en ligne]},
  ISSN = {1475-2875},
  year = {2014},
  DOI = {10.1186/1475-2875-13-21},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010061748},
}