@article{fdi:010061504,
  title = {{A} numerical model for ocean ultra-low frequency noise : wave-generated acoustic-gravity and {R}ayleigh modes},
  author = {{A}rdhuin, {F}. and {L}avanant, {T}. and {O}brebski, {M}. and {M}arie, {L}. and {R}oyer, {J}. {Y}. and d'{E}u, {J}. {F}. and {H}owe, {B}. {M}. and {L}ukas, {R}. and {A}ucan, {J}er{\^o}me},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he generation of ultra-low frequency acoustic noise (0.1 to 1 {H}z) by the nonlinear interaction of ocean surface gravity waves is well established. {M}ore controversial are the quantitative theories that attempt to predict the recorded noise levels and their variability. {H}ere a single theoretical framework is used to predict the noise level associated with propagating pseudo-{R}ayleigh modes and evanescent acoustic-gravity modes. {T}he latter are dominant only within 200 m from the sea surface, in shallow or deep water. {A}t depths larger than 500 m, the comparison of a numerical noise model with hydrophone records from two open-ocean sites near {H}awaii and the {K}erguelen islands reveal: (a) {D}eep ocean acoustic noise at frequencies 0.1 to 1 {H}z is consistent with the {R}ayleigh wave theory, in which the presence of the ocean bottom amplifies the noise by 10 to 20 d{B}; (b) in agreement with previous results, the local maxima in the noise spectrum support the theoretical prediction for the vertical structure of acoustic modes; and (c) noise level and variability are well predicted for frequencies up to 0.4 {H}z. {A}bove 0.6 {H}z, the model results are less accurate, probably due to the poor estimation of the directional properties of wind-waves with frequencies higher than 0.3 {H}z.},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of the {A}coustical {S}ociety of {A}merica},
  volume = {134},
  numero = {4},
  pages = {3242--3259},
  ISSN = {0001-4966},
  year = {2013},
  DOI = {10.1121/1.4818840},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010061504},
}