@article{fdi:010061421,
  title = {{R}e-visiting insecticide resistance status in {A}nopheles gambiae from {C}ote d'{I}voire : a nation-wide informative survey},
  author = {{K}offi, {A}. {A}. and {A}houa {A}lou, {L}. {P}. and {K}abran, {J}. {P}. {K}. and {N}'{G}uessan, {R}. and {P}ennetier, {C}{\'e}dric},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{I}nsecticide resistance constitutes a major threat that may undermine current gain in malaria control in most endemic countries. {N}ational {M}alaria {C}ontrol {P}rogrammes ({NMCP}s) need as much information as possible on the resistance status of malaria vectors and underlying mechanisms in order to implement the most relevant and efficient control strategy. {B}ioassays, biochemical and molecular analysis were performed on {A}n. gambiae collected in six sentinel sites in {C}ote d'{I}voire. {T}he sites were selected on the basis of their bioclimatic status and agricultural practices. {A}n. gambiae populations across sites showed high levels of resistance to organochloride, pyrethroid and carbamate insecticides. {T}he kdr and ace-1({R}) mutations were detected in almost all sentinel sites with mosquitoes on the coastal and cotton growing areas mostly affected by these mutations. {A}t almost all sites, the levels of detoxifying enzymes (mixed-function oxidases ({MFO}s), non-specific esterases ({NSE}) and glutathione-{S}-transferases ({GST}s)) in {A}n. gambiae populations were significantly higher than the levels found in the susceptible strain {K}isumu. {P}re-exposure of mosquitoes to {PBO}, an inhibitor of {MFO}s and {NSE}s, significantly increased mortality rates to pyrethroids and carbamates in mosquitoes but resistance in most cases was not fully synergised by {PBO}, inferring a residual role of additional mechanisms, including kdr and ace-1 site insensitivity. {T}he large distribution of resistance in {C}ote d'{I}voire raises an important question of whether to continue to deploy pyrethroid-based long-lasting insecticidal nets ({LLIN}s) and insecticide residual spraying ({IRS}) towards which resistance continues to rise with no guarantee that the level of resistance would not compromise their efficacy. {I}nnovative strategies that combine insecticide and synergists in {LLIN}s or spatially {LLIN} and an effective non-pyrethroid insecticide for {IRS} could be in the short term the best practice for the {NMCP} to manage insecticide resistance in malaria vectors in {C}ote d'{I}voire and other endemic countries facing resistance.},
  keywords = {{COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}los {O}ne},
  volume = {8},
  numero = {12},
  pages = {e82387 [10 ]},
  ISSN = {1932-6203},
  year = {2013},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.pone.0082387},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010061421},
}