@article{fdi:010061376,
  title = {{E}ating up the world's food web and the human trophic level},
  author = {{B}onhommeau, {S}. and {D}ubroca, {L}aurent and {L}e {P}ape, {O}. and {B}arde, {J}ulien and {K}aplan, {D}avid and {C}hassot, {E}mmanuel and {N}ieblas, {A}. {E}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}rophic levels are critical for synthesizing species' diets, depicting energy pathways, understanding food web dynamics and ecosystem functioning, and monitoring ecosystem health. {S}pecifically, trophic levels describe the position of species in a food web, from primary producers to apex predators (range, 1-5). {S}mall differences in trophic level can reflect large differences in diet. {A}lthough trophic levels are among the most basic information collected for animals in ecosystems, a human trophic level ({HTL}) has never been defined. {H}ere, we find a global {HTL} of 2.21, i.e., the trophic level of anchoveta. {T}his value has increased with time, consistent with the global trend toward diets higher in meat. {N}ational {HTL}s ranging between 2.04 and 2.57 reflect a broad diversity of diet, although cluster analysis of countries with similar dietary trends reveals only five major groups. {W}e find significant links between socio-economic and environmental indicators and global dietary trends. {W}e demonstrate that the {HTL} is a synthetic index to monitor human diets and provides a baseline to compare diets between countries.},
  keywords = {human ecology ; nutrition transition ; trophic ecology},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}roceedings of the {N}ational {A}cademy of {S}ciences of the {U}nited {S}tates of {A}merica},
  volume = {110},
  numero = {51},
  pages = {20617--20620},
  ISSN = {0027-8424},
  year = {2013},
  DOI = {10.1073/pnas.1305827110},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010061376},
}