@article{fdi:010061248,
  title = {{M}ultiple insecticide resistances in the disease vector {C}ulex p. quinquefasciatus from {W}estern {I}ndian {O}cean},
  author = {{P}ocquet, {N}icolas and {M}ilesi, {P}. and {M}akoundou, {P}. and {U}nal, {S}. and {Z}umbo, {B}. and {A}tyame, {C}. and {D}arriet, {F}r{\'e}d{\'e}ric and {D}ehecq, {J}. {S}. and {T}hiria, {J}. and {B}heecarry, {A}. and {I}yaloo, {D}. {P}. and {W}eill, {M}. and {C}handre, {F}abrice and {L}abb{\'e}, {P}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{S}everal mosquito-borne diseases affect the {W}estern {I}ndian {O}cean islands. {C}ulex pipiens quinquefasciatus is one of these vectors and transmits filariasis, {R}ift {V}alley and {W}est {N}ile viruses and the {J}apanese encephalitis. {T}o limit the impact of these diseases on public health, considerable vector control efforts have been implemented since the 50s, mainly through the use of neurotoxic insecticides belonging to {O}rganochlorines ({OC}), {O}rganophosphates ({OP}) and pyrethroids ({PYR}) families. {H}owever, mosquito control failures have been reported on site, and they were probably due to the selection of resistant individuals in response to insecticide exposure. {I}n this study, we used different approaches to establish a first regional assessment of the levels and mechanisms of resistance to various insecticides. {B}ioassays were used to evaluate resistance to various insecticides, enzyme activity was measured to assess the presence of metabolic resistances through elevated detoxification, and molecular identification of known resistance alleles was investigated to determine the frequency of target-site mutations. {T}hese complementary approaches showed that resistance to the most used insecticides families ({OC}, {OP} and {PYR}) is widespread at a regional scale. {H}owever, the distribution of the different resistance genes is quite heterogeneous among the islands, some being found at high frequencies everywhere, others being frequent in some islands and absent in others. {M}oreover, two resistance alleles displayed clinal distributions in {M}ayotte and {L}a {R}eunion, probably as a result of a heterogeneous selection due to local treatment practices. {T}hese widespread and diverse resistance mechanisms reduce the capacity of resistance management through classical strategies (e. g. insecticide rotation). {I}n case of a disease outbreak, it could undermine the efforts of the vector control services, as only few compounds could be used. {I}t thus becomes urgent to find alternatives to control populations of {C}x. p. quinquefasciatus in the {I}ndian {O}cean.},
  keywords = {{OCEAN} {INDIEN} ; {LA} {REUNION} ; {MAYOTTE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}los {O}ne},
  volume = {8},
  numero = {10},
  pages = {e77855},
  ISSN = {1932-6203},
  year = {2013},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.pone.0077855},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010061248},
}