@article{fdi:010061222,
  title = {{L}ife cycle assessment for environmentally sustainable aquaculture management : a case study of combined aquaculture systems for carp and tilapia},
  author = {{M}ungkung, {R}. and {A}ubin, {J}. and {P}rihadi, {T}. {H}. and {S}lernbrouck, {J}. and van der {W}erf, {H}. {M}. {G}. and {L}egendre, {M}arc},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{L}ife {C}ycle {A}ssessment ({LCA}) was applied to evaluate the potential environmental impacts associated with two-net cage aquaculture systems of common carp ({C}yprinus carpio carpio) and tilapia ({O}reochromis niloticus) in the {C}irata reservoir, {I}ndonesia. {T}he studied system included fingerling production in hatcheries, fish rearing in cages, and transport of fry and feed as well as that of harvested fish to markets. {T}he environmental impact indicators were calculated based on the annual production in 2006-2007 using the {CML}2 {B}aseline 2000 method, and expressed per tonne of fresh fish delivered to the market. {T}he rearing performances and the environmental efficiency of the system were highly dependent on the lake water quality. {T}herefore the location of the cages and associated practices influenced the environmental impacts. {F}eed was identified as the major contributor to land occupation, primary production use, acidification, climate change, energy use and water dependence. {T}hose impacts were mainly linked to the production of fishmeal followed by the production of crop-based feed materials and the production of electricity for feed processing. {E}utrophication was mainly the consequence of the fish growing stage and linked closely to nutrient loading from cages. {B}etter feeding practices to reduce feed conversion ratio ({FCR}), as well as improvement of feed composition by using less fishmeal and more local plant-based materials along with improving energy efficiency of feed production processing should be implemented to improve the environmental profiles of carp and tilapia production. {T}he reduction of {FCR} from 2.1 to 1.7 could decrease eutrophication by about 22%. {H}owever, it is of first priority to reduce the number of cages in order to improve the water quality of the reservoir. {T}he comparison of {C}irata reservoir fish culture to other sources of animal protein revealed that it generated average energy use but high eutrophication level. {LCA} was demonstrated to be a useful tool for decision-making when targeting improved environmental sustainability of cage aquaculture.},
  keywords = {{C}age aquaculture ; {C}yprinus anpio ; {E}nvironmental sustainability ; {I}ndonesia ; {L}ife {C}ycle {A}ssessment ; {O}reochromis niloticus ; {INDONESIE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {C}leaner {P}roduction},
  volume = {57},
  numero = {},
  pages = {249--256},
  ISSN = {0959-6526},
  year = {2013},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.05.029},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010061222},
}