@article{fdi:010061214,
  title = {{A} devastating plinian eruption at {T}ungurahua volcano reveals formative occupation at similar to 1100 {CAL} {BC} in {C}entral {E}quador},
  author = {{L}e {P}ennec, {J}ean-{L}uc and {S}aulieu, {G}eoffroy de and {S}amaniego, {P}ablo and {J}aya, {D}. and {G}ailler, {L}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ased on archaeological and radiometric constraints, previous studies have divided pre-{C}olumbian times of {E}cuador into a succession of cultural periods. {T}he {P}aleoindian and {P}receramic periods encompass the time from the first {A}merindian occupation to about 4000 {BC}. {T}he {F}ormative period extends from similar to 4000 to similar to 300 {BC}, while the {R}egional {D}evelopment (similar to 300 {BC} to similar to {AD} 700) and {I}ntegration periods predate the {C}olumbian period, which starts in {AD} 1533 in {E}cuador. {T}he {F}ormative cultural period is poorly known from earlier studies. {H}ere, we bring the first documentation of {F}ormative age occupation around {T}ungurahua {V}olcano, 120 km {SW} of {Q}uito, and show that local settlements were devastated by a violent eruption around 1100 cal {BC}. {R}ecent volcanological works combining lithostratigraphic, petrologic, and geochronologic analyses reveal that the steep-sloped {T}ungurahua edifice suffered a major {L}ate {H}olocene flank failure. {W}e show that the failure event resulted from a major explosive eruption triggered by massive magma intrusion inside the volcano. {D}ecompression of the magma due to a flank collapse resulted in a violent, high-velocity directed blast explosion, which deposited charcoaland sherd-rich ash layers upon and near the volcano. {O}ur {C}-14 results range from 2225 +/- 30 to 5195 +/- 45 {BP}, but most cluster between 2640 +/- 45 and 3195 +/- 45 {BP}. {A} calibration analysis indicates that the event took place at similar to 1100 cal {BC}, in the {F}ormative period. {W}e gathered 38 pottery sherds from 3 localities. {T}he sherds show a diversity of size, shape, color, and ornamentation. {E}xamination of pastes, surface finish, and firing indicates that our material shares many common features from site to site. {T}he material from {T}ungurahua shares affinities with the {C}otocollao tradition, which developed in the {Q}uito region between 1500 and 500 {BC}, and with the {M}achalilla tradition (coastal region of {E}cuador), with the occurrence of carinated bowls with punctuate decorations at 1500-1000 {BC}. {O}ur study reveals that the similar to 1100 cal {BC} {P}linian eruption of {T}ungurahua {V}olcano is among the oldest known volcanic disasters in the {A}ndes.},
  keywords = {{EQUATEUR}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{R}adiocarbon},
  volume = {55},
  numero = {2-3},
  pages = {1199--1214},
  ISSN = {0033-8222},
  year = {2013},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010061214},
}