@article{fdi:010061159,
  title = {{R}eview of climate, landscape, and viral genetics as drivers of the {J}apanese encephalitis virus ecology},
  author = {{L}e {F}lohic, {G}. and {P}orphyre, {V}. and {B}arbazan, {P}hilippe and {G}onzalez, {J}ean-{P}aul},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he {J}apanese encephalitis virus ({JEV}), an arthropod-born {F}lavivirus, is the major cause of viral encephalitis, responsible for 10,000-15,000 deaths each year, yet is a neglected tropical disease. {S}ince the {JEV} distribution area has been large and continuously extending toward new {A}sian and {A}ustralasian regions, it is considered an emerging and reemerging pathogen. {D}espite large effective immunization campaigns, {J}apanese encephalitis remains a disease of global health concern. {JEV} zoonotic transmission cycles may be either wild or domestic: the first involves wading birds as wild amplifying hosts; the second involves pigs as the main domestic amplifying hosts. {C}ulex mosquito species, especially {C}x. tritaeniorhynchus, are the main competent vectors. {A}lthough five {JEV} genotypes circulate, neither clear-cut genotype-phenotype relationship nor clear variations in genotype fitness to hosts or vectors have been identified. {I}nstead, the molecular epidemiology appears highly dependent on vectors, hosts' biology, and on a set of environmental factors. {A}t global scale, climate, land cover, and land use, otherwise strongly dependent on human activities, affect the abundance of {JEV} vectors, and of wild and domestic hosts. {C}hiefly, the increase of rice-cultivated surface, intensively used by wading birds, and of pig production in {A}sia has provided a high availability of resources to mosquito vectors, enhancing the {JEV} maintenance, amplification, and transmission. {A}t fine scale, the characteristics (density, size, spatial arrangement) of three landscape elements (paddy fields, pig farms, human habitations) facilitate or impede movement of vectors, then determine how the {JEV} interacts with hosts and vectors and ultimately the infection risk to humans. {I}f the {JEV} is introduced in a favorable landscape, either by live infected animals or by vectors, then the virus can emerge and become a major threat for human health. {M}ultidisciplinary research is essential to shed light on the biological mechanisms involved in the emergence, spread, reemergence, and genotypic changes of {JEV}.},
  keywords = {{ASIE} ; {AUSTRALIE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}los {N}eglected {T}ropical {D}iseases},
  volume = {7},
  numero = {9},
  pages = {e2208},
  ISSN = {1935-2735},
  year = {2013},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0002208},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010061159},
}