@article{fdi:010060879,
  title = {{C}limate change projections using the {IPSL}-{CM}5 {E}arth {S}ystem {M}odel : from {CMIP}3 to {CMIP}5},
  author = {{D}ufresne, {J}. {L}. and {F}oujols, {M}. {A}. and {D}envil, {S}. and {C}aubel, {A}. and {M}arti, {O}. and {A}umont, {O}livier and {B}alkanski, {Y}. and {B}ekki, {S}. and {B}ellenger, {H}. and {B}enshila, {R}. and {B}ony, {S}. and {B}opp, {L}. and {B}raconnot, {P}. and {B}rockmann, {P}. and {C}adule, {P}. and {C}heruy, {F}. and {C}odron, {F}. and {C}ozic, {A}. and {C}ugnet, {D}. and de {N}oblet, {N}. and {D}uvel, {J}. {P}. and {E}the, {C}. and {F}airhead, {L}. and {F}ichefet, {T}. and {F}lavoni, {S}. and {F}riedlingstein, {P}. and {G}randpeix, {J}. {Y}. and {G}uez, {L}. and {G}uilyardi, {E}. and {H}auglustaine, {D}. and {H}ourdin, {F}. and {I}delkadi, {A}. and {G}hattas, {J}. and {J}oussaume, {S}. and {K}ageyama, {M}. and {K}rinner, {G}. and {L}abetoulle, {S}. and {L}ahellec, {A}. and {L}efebvre, {M}. {P}. and {L}efevre, {F}. and {L}evy, {C}. and {L}i, {Z}. {X}. and {L}loyd, {J}. and {L}ott, {F}. and {M}adec, {G}. and {M}ancip, {M}. and {M}archand, {M}. and {M}asson, {S}. and {M}eurdesoif, {Y}. and {M}ignot, {J}uliette and {M}usat, {I}. and {P}arouty, {S}. and {P}olcher, {J}. and {R}io, {C}. and {S}chulz, {M}. and {S}wingedouw, {D}. and {S}zopa, {S}. and {T}alandier, {C}. and {T}erray, {P}ascal and {V}iovy, {N}. and {V}uichard, {N}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{W}e present the global general circulation model {IPSL}-{CM}5 developed to study the long-term response of the climate system to natural and anthropogenic forcings as part of the 5th {P}hase of the {C}oupled {M}odel {I}ntercomparison {P}roject ({CMIP}5). {T}his model includes an interactive carbon cycle, a representation of tropospheric and stratospheric chemistry, and a comprehensive representation of aerosols. {A}s it represents the principal dynamical, physical, and bio-geochemical processes relevant to the climate system, it may be referred to as an {E}arth {S}ystem {M}odel. {H}owever, the {IPSL}-{CM}5 model may be used in a multitude of configurations associated with different boundary conditions and with a range of complexities in terms of processes and interactions. {T}his paper presents an overview of the different model components and explains how they were coupled and used to simulate historical climate changes over the past 150 years and different scenarios of future climate change. {A} single version of the {IPSL}-{CM}5 model ({IPSL}-{CM}5{A}-{LR}) was used to provide climate projections associated with different socio-economic scenarios, including the different {R}epresentative {C}oncentration {P}athways considered by {CMIP}5 and several scenarios from the {S}pecial {R}eport on {E}mission {S}cenarios considered by {CMIP}3. {R}esults suggest that the magnitude of global warming projections primarily depends on the socio-economic scenario considered, that there is potential for an aggressive mitigation policy to limit global warming to about two degrees, and that the behavior of some components of the climate system such as the {A}rctic sea ice and the {A}tlantic {M}eridional {O}verturning {C}irculation may change drastically by the end of the twenty-first century in the case of a no climate policy scenario. {A}lthough the magnitude of regional temperature and precipitation changes depends fairly linearly on the magnitude of the projected global warming (and thus on the scenario considered), the geographical pattern of these changes is strikingly similar for the different scenarios. {T}he representation of atmospheric physical processes in the model is shown to strongly influence the simulated climate variability and both the magnitude and pattern of the projected climate changes.},
  keywords = {{C}limate ; {C}limate change ; {C}limate projections ; {E}arth {S}ystem {M}odel ; {CMIP}5 ; {CMIP}3 ; {G}reenhouse gases ; {A}erosols ; {C}arbon cycle ; {A}llowable emissions ; {RCP} scenarios ; {L}and use changes},
  booktitle = {{P}resentation and analysis of the {IPSL} and {CNRM} climate models used in {CMIP}5},
  journal = {{C}limate {D}ynamics},
  volume = {40},
  numero = {9-10},
  pages = {2123--2165},
  ISSN = {0930-7575},
  year = {2013},
  DOI = {10.1007/s00382-012-1636-1},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010060879},
}