@article{fdi:010060871,
  title = {{S}kill assessment of three earth system models with common marine biogeochemistry},
  author = {{S}{\'e}f{\'e}rian, {R}. and {B}opp, {L}. and {G}ehlen, {M}. and {O}rr, {J}. {C}. and {E}the, {C}. and {C}adule, {P}. and {A}umont, {O}livier and {M}elia, {D}. {S}. {Y}. and {V}oldoire, {A}. and {M}adec, {G}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{W}e have assessed the ability of a common ocean biogeochemical model, {PISCES}, to match relevant modern data fields across a range of ocean circulation fields from three distinct {E}arth system models: {IPSL}-{CM}4-{LOOP}, {IPSL}-{CM}5{A}-{LR} and {CNRM}-{CM}5.1. {T}he first of these {E}arth system models has contributed to the {IPCC} 4th assessment report, while the latter two are contributing to the ongoing {IPCC} 5th assessment report. {T}hese models differ with respect to their atmospheric component, ocean subgrid-scale physics and resolution. {T}he simulated vertical distribution of biogeochemical tracers suffer from biases in ocean circulation and a poor representation of the sinking fluxes of matter. {N}evertheless, differences between upper and deep ocean model skills significantly point to changes in the underlying model representations of ocean circulation. {IPSL}-{CM}5{A}-{LR} and {CNRM}-{CM}5.1 poorly represent deep-ocean circulation compared to {IPSL}-{CM}4-{LOOP} degrading the vertical distribution of biogeochemical tracers. {H}owever, their representations of surface wind, wind stress, mixed-layer depth and geostrophic circulations (e.g., {A}ntarctic {C}ircumpolar {C}urrent) have been improved compared to {IPSL}-{CM}4-{LOOP}. {T}hese improvements result in a better representation of large-scale structure of biogeochemical fields in the upper ocean. {I}n particular, a deepening of 20-40 m of the summer mixed-layer depth allows to capture the 0-0.5 mu g{C}hl {L}-1 concentrations class of surface chlorophyll in the {S}outhern {O}cean. {F}urther improvements in the representation of the ocean mixed-layer and deep-ocean ventilation are needed for the next generations of models development to better simulate marine biogeochemistry. {I}n order to better constrain ocean dynamics, we suggest that biogeochemical or passive tracer modules should be used routinely for both model development and model intercomparisons.},
  keywords = {{M}arine biogeochemistry ; {S}kill assessment ; {E}arth system model ; {C}limate ; {O}cean dynamics},
  booktitle = {{P}resentation and analysis of the {IPSL} and {CNRM} climate models used in {CMIP}5},
  journal = {{C}limate {D}ynamics},
  volume = {40},
  numero = {9-10},
  pages = {2549--2573},
  ISSN = {0930-7575},
  year = {2013},
  DOI = {10.1007/s00382-012-1362-8},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010060871},
}