@article{fdi:010060868,
  title = {{T}he {CNRM}-{CM}5.1 global climate model : description and basic evaluation},
  author = {{V}oldoire, {A}. and {S}anchez-{G}omez, {E}. and {M}elia, {D}. {S}. {Y}. and {D}echarme, {B}. and {C}assou, {C}. and {S}enesi, {S}. and {V}alcke, {S}. and {B}eau, {I}. and {A}lias, {A}. and {C}hevallier, {M}. and {D}eque, {M}. and {D}eshayes, {J}ulie and {D}ouville, {H}. and {F}ernandez, {E}. and {M}adec, {G}. and {M}aisonnave, {E}. and {M}oine, {M}. {P}. and {P}lanton, {S}. and {S}aint-{M}artin, {D}. and {S}zopa, {S}. and {T}yteca, {S}. and {A}lkama, {R}. and {B}elamari, {S}. and {B}raun, {A}. and {C}oquart, {L}. and {C}hauvin, {F}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{A} new version of the general circulation model {CNRM}-{CM} has been developed jointly by {CNRM}-{GAME} ({C}entre {N}ational de {R}echerches {M}{\'e}t{\'e}orologiques-{G}roupe d'{E}tudes de l'{A}tmosph{S}re {M}{\'e}t{\'e}orologique) and {C}erfacs ({C}entre {E}urop{\'e}en de {R}echerche et de {F}ormation {A}vanc{\'e}e) in order to contribute to phase 5 of the {C}oupled {M}odel {I}ntercomparison {P}roject ({CMIP}5). {T}he purpose of the study is to describe its main features and to provide a preliminary assessment of its mean climatology. {CNRM}-{CM}5.1 includes the atmospheric model {ARPEGE}-{C}limat (v5.2), the ocean model {NEMO} (v3.2), the land surface scheme {ISBA} and the sea ice model {GELATO} (v5) coupled through the {OASIS} (v3) system. {T}he main improvements since {CMIP}3 are the following. {H}orizontal resolution has been increased both in the atmosphere (from 2.8{A} degrees to 1.4{A} degrees) and in the ocean (from 2{A} degrees to 1{A} degrees). {T}he dynamical core of the atmospheric component has been revised. {A} new radiation scheme has been introduced and the treatments of tropospheric and stratospheric aerosols have been improved. {P}articular care has been devoted to ensure mass/water conservation in the atmospheric component. {T}he land surface scheme {ISBA} has been externalised from the atmospheric model through the {SURFEX} platform and includes new developments such as a parameterization of sub-grid hydrology, a new freezing scheme and a new bulk parameterisation for ocean surface fluxes. {T}he ocean model is based on the state-of-the-art version of {NEMO}, which has greatly progressed since the {OPA}8.0 version used in the {CMIP}3 version of {CNRM}-{CM}. {F}inally, the coupling between the different components through {OASIS} has also received a particular attention to avoid energy loss and spurious drifts. {T}hese developments generally lead to a more realistic representation of the mean recent climate and to a reduction of drifts in a preindustrial integration. {T}he large-scale dynamics is generally improved both in the atmosphere and in the ocean, and the bias in mean surface temperature is clearly reduced. {H}owever, some flaws remain such as significant precipitation and radiative biases in many regions, or a pronounced drift in three dimensional salinity.},
  keywords = {{CMIP}5 ; {GCM} ; {G}lobal climate modelling},
  booktitle = {{P}resentation and analysis of the {IPSL} and {CNRM} climate models used in {CMIP}5},
  journal = {{C}limate {D}ynamics},
  volume = {40},
  numero = {9-10},
  pages = {2091--2121},
  ISSN = {0930-7575},
  year = {2013},
  DOI = {10.1007/s00382-011-1259-y},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010060868},
}