@article{fdi:010060812,
  title = {{A} novel multiregion hybridization assay reveals high frequency of dual inter-subtype infections among {HIV}-positive individuals in {C}ameroon, {W}est {C}entral {A}frica},
  author = {{V}idal, {N}icole and {D}iop, {H}. and {M}ontavon, {C}{\'e}line and {B}utel, {C}hristelle and {B}osch, {S}. and {N}gole, {E}. {M}. and {T}oure-{K}ane, {C}. and {M}boup, {S}. and {D}elaporte, {E}ric and {P}eeters, {M}artine},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{I}n {W}est and {W}est {C}entral {A}frica, multiple subtypes, circulating recombinant forms ({CRF}), and high proportions of unique recombinant forms ({URF}) are documented. {T}he predominance of recombinants strongly suggests that dual infections occur frequently. {I}n the present study, we adapted the multi-region hybridization assay ({MHA}), previously developed to identify dual infections in geographic regions where few {HIV}-1 variants circulate, to identify {HIV}-1 variants and dual infections. {W}e designed clade-specific probes in three genomic regions (gag p17, vpu, nef) to detect eight different variants that are common in this part of {A}frica ({A}, {B}/{D}, {C}, {F}, {G}, {CRF}02_{AG}, {CRF}06_cpx, {CRF}22_01{A}1). {T}he assay was validated with 163 samples representing the corresponding {HIV}-1 variants. {D}epending on the genomic regions, the global sensitivity of the assay ranged from 86% to 94%, and the global specificity was between 85% and 96%. {T}he assay was then applied on 156 antiretroviral treatment-naive patients from {C}ameroon. {T}he {MHA} assay identified 79%, 85% and 90% of the strains in nef, gag and vpu regions, respectively. {T}he subtype/{CRF} distribution and the proportion of inter-region recombinants obtained by the new {MHA} assay were in accordance with known subtype/{CRF} distribution in {C}ameroon. {M}oreover, the {MHA} assay identified 35 (22.4%) patients as dually infected, from which 20 were reactive in more than one region and/or with concordant multigenomic recombination pattern. {D}espite the high genetic diversity, we successfully developed an hybridization assay allowing identification of eight common {HIV}-1 variants circulating in {W}est and {W}est {C}entral {A}frica. {W}e documented high rates of dual infection in a low-risk population group, illustrating that the global evolution of {HIV} diversity is driven by dual infections. {T}his assay could become a useful screening tool for the global surveillance and monitoring of inter-subtype/{CRF} dual infections in {W}est and {W}est {C}entral {A}frica.},
  keywords = {{D}ual infections ; {M}ulti-region hybridization assay ; {HIV}-1 genetic diversity ; {CAMEROUN} ; {AFRIQUE} {DE} l'{OUEST} ; {AFRIQUE} {CENTRALE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{I}nfection {G}enetics and {E}volution},
  volume = {14},
  numero = {},
  pages = {73--82},
  ISSN = {1567-1348},
  year = {2013},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.meegid.2012.11.017},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010060812},
}