@article{fdi:010060715,
  title = {{T}wo {S}inorhizobium meliloti glutaredoxins regulate iron metabolism and symbiotic bacteroid differentiation},
  author = {{B}enyamina, {S}.{M}. and {B}aldacci-{C}resp, {F}. and {C}outurier, {J}. and {C}hibani, {K}. and {H}opkins, {J}. and {B}ekki, {A}. and {L}ajudie, {P}hilippe de and {R}ouhier, {N}. and {J}acquot, {J}.{P}. and {A}lloing, {G}. and {P}uppo, {A}. and {F}rendo, {P}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{L}egumes interact symbiotically with bacteria of the {R}hizobiaceae to form nitrogen-fixing root nodules. {W}e investigated the contribution of the three glutaredoxin ({G}rx)-encoding genes present in the {S}inorhizobium meliloti genome to this symbiosis. {S}m{GRX}1 ({CGYC} active site) and {S}m{GRX}3 ({CPYG}) recombinant proteins displayed deglutathionylation activity in the 2-hydroethyldisulfide assay, whereas {S}m{GRX}2 ({CGFS}) did not. {M}utation of {S}m{GRX}3 did not affect {S}.meliloti growth or symbiotic capacities. {I}n contrast, {S}m{GRX}1 and {S}m{GRX}2 mutations decreased the growth of free-living bacteria and the nitrogen fixation capacity of bacteroids. {M}utation of {S}m{GRX}1 led to nodule abortion and an absence of bacteroid differentiation, whereas {S}m{GRX}2 mutation decreased nodule development without modifying bacteroid development. {T}he higher sensitivity of the {S}mgrx1 mutant strain as compared with wild-type strain to oxidative stress was associated with larger amounts of glutathionylated proteins. {T}he {S}mgrx2 mutant strain displayed significantly lower levels of activity than the wild type for two iron-sulfur-containing enzymes, aconitase and succinate dehydrogenase. {T}his lower level of activity could be associated with deregulation of the transcriptional activity of the {R}ir{A} iron regulator and higher intracellular iron content. {T}hus, two {S}.meliloti {G}rx proteins are essential for symbiotic nitrogen fixation, playing independent roles in bacterial differentiation and the regulation of iron metabolism.},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{E}nvironmental {M}icrobiology},
  volume = {15},
  numero = {3},
  pages = {795--810},
  ISSN = {1462-2912},
  year = {2013},
  DOI = {10.1111/j.1462-2920.2012.02835.x},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010060715},
}