@article{fdi:010060694,
  title = {{T}he phenetic structure of {A}edes albopictus},
  author = {{V}argas, {R}. {E}. {M}. and {P}humala-{M}orales, {N}. and {T}sunoda, {T}. and {A}piwathnasorn, {C}. and {D}ujardin, {J}ean-{P}ierre},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he large and recent migrations of the main vector of the {C}hikungunya virus, {A}edes albopictus, raise questions about the epidemiological impact of possible microevolutionary changes in new territories. {Q}uantitative traits are suitable to detect such changes as induced by environmental adaptations, local competition and founder effects. {U}sing landmark-based geometric morphometrics, we compared the size and shape of 22 populations (1572 females) of {A}e. albopictus. {T}he collection sites covered five countries around the world, with special emphasis on {A}sia, which is assumed to be the origin of the vector. {S}ome collections came from places where an important epidemic outbreak of {C}hikungunya has recently occurred. {Q}uantitative comparisons were based on 18 anatomical landmarks on the wing. {T}o contrast geographic and possible interspecific shape variation, close species were introduced in the sample, namely five {A}edes riversi and nine {A}e. flavopictus from {J}apan. {T}he three species had similar size, but they were clearly separated by shape. {W}ithin {A}e. albopictus, there was general agreement on size variation with the available climatic data. {S}hape variation was less related to climatic data than to either geography or a known itinerary of past territorial expansion. {T}hus, two main clusters were distinguished by wing shape variation: the first one composed of the {S}outheast {A}sian sample, the second one grouping {J}apan, {F}lorida, {H}awaii and the {R}eunion {I}sland samples. {T}he {S}outheast {A}sian countries, assumed to be at the origin of the geographic expansion of the mosquito, had similar wings and constituted a distinct group where localities clustered into northern and southern localities. {C}ontrasting with this homogeneous group, very distant localities such as {U}nited {S}tates ({US}) and {J}apan shared a common shape pattern. {T}he {US} {A}e. albopictus samples ({H}awaii and {F}lorida) were indeed very similar to the {J}apanese samples, with {F}lorida behaving exactly like a northern {J}apanese locality, close to {T}okyo and {Y}okohama. {S}hape proximity among these distant areas could be explained by a common and relatively recent ancestor, as generally suggested in the literature. {T}he three {R}eunion {I}sland samples conformed a group external to the {S}outheast {A}sian countries, loosely connected to the remaining localities. {T}hus, areas where recent epidemics took place, the {R}eunion {I}sland and the southernmost localities of {T}hailand, did not cluster together, but represented separate groups. {I}n sum, the size of the wing was apparently under the influence of climatic factors, while its shape could contribute information on species and geographic differences. {A}pparent departures from expectations based on geography were explained by known past and present migratory routes. {T}hese patterns of shape variation were compatible with genetic drift, suggesting microevolutionary changes probably induced by the expansion of the {A}e. albopictus mosquito.},
  keywords = {{A}edes albopictus ; {A}e. riversi ; {A}e. flavopictus ; {C}hikungunya ; {C}limate ; {G}eography ; {G}eometric morphometrics ; {ASIE} {DU} {SUD} {EST} ; {JAPON} ; {FLORIDE} ; {HAWAI} ; {REUNION}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{I}nfection {G}enetics and {E}volution},
  volume = {13},
  numero = {},
  pages = {242--251},
  ISSN = {1567-1348},
  year = {2013},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.meegid.2012.08.008},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010060694},
}