@article{fdi:010060670,
  title = {{D}ividing up the pie : whales, fish, and humans as competitors},
  author = {{R}uzicka, {J}. {J}. and {S}teele, {J}. {H}. and {B}allerini, {T}osca and {G}aichas, {S}. {K}. and {A}inley, {D}. {G}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{S}imilarly structured food web models of four coastal ecosystems ({N}orthern {C}alifornia {C}urrent, {C}entral {G}ulf of {A}laska, {G}eorges {B}ank, southwestern {A}ntarctic {P}eninsula) were used to investigate competition among whales, fishes, pinnipeds, and humans. {T}wo analysis strategies simulated the effects of historic baleen and odontocete whale abundances across all trophic levels: food web structure scenarios and time-dynamic scenarios. {D}irect competition between whales and commercial fisheries is small at current whale abundances; whales and fisheries each take similar proportions of annual pelagic fish production (4-7%). {S}cenarios show that as whale populations grow, indirect competition between whales and fish for zooplankton would more likely impact fishery production than would direct competition for fish between whales and commercial fisheries. {I}ncreased baleen whale abundance would have greater and broader indirect effects on upper trophic levels and fisheries than a similar increase in odontocete abundance. {T}ime-dynamic scenarios, which allow for the evolution of compensatory mechanisms, showed more modest impacts than structural scenarios, which show the immediate impacts of altered energy pathways. {S}tructural scenarios show that in terms of energy availability, there is potential for large increases in whale abundance without major changes to existing food web structures and without substantial reduction of fishery production. {F}or each ecosystem, a five-fold increase in baleen whale abundance could be supported with minor disruptions to existing energy flow pathways. {H}owever, such an increase would remain below historical population levels for many cetaceans. {A} larger expansion (20{X}) could be accommodated only with large reductions in energy flow to competitor groups. {T}he scope for odontocete expansion varies between ecosystems but may be more restricted than the scope for baleen expansion because they feed at higher, less productive trophic levels.},
  keywords = {{AMERIQUE} {DU} {NORD} ; {PACIFIQUE} {NORD} ; {ATLANTIQUE} {NORD} ; {ANTARCTIQUE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}rogress in {O}ceanography},
  volume = {116},
  numero = {},
  pages = {207--219},
  ISSN = {0079-6611},
  year = {2013},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.pocean.2013.07.009},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010060670},
}