@article{fdi:010060580,
  title = {{L}ow connectivity between mediterranean marine protected areas : a biophysical modeling approach for the dusky grouper {E}pinephelus marginatus},
  author = {{A}ndrello, {M}arco and {M}ouillot, {D}. and {B}euvier, {J}. and {A}lbouy, {C}. and {T}huiller, {W}. and {M}anel, {S}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{M}arine protected areas ({MPA}s) are major tools to protect biodiversity and sustain fisheries. {F}or species with a sedentary adult phase and a dispersive larval phase, the effectiveness of {MPA} networks for population persistence depends on connectivity through larval dispersal. {H}owever, connectivity patterns between {MPA}s remain largely unknown at large spatial scales. {H}ere, we used a biophysical model to evaluate connectivity between {MPA}s in the {M}editerranean {S}ea, a region of extremely rich biodiversity that is currently protected by a system of approximately a hundred {MPA}s. {T}he model was parameterized according to the dispersal capacity of the dusky grouper {E}pinephelus marginatus, an archetypal conservation-dependent species, with high economic importance and emblematic in the {M}editerranean. {U}sing various connectivity metrics and graph theory, we showed that {M}editerranean {MPA}s are far from constituting a true, well-connected network. {O}n average, each {MPA} was directly connected to four others and {MPA}s were clustered into several groups. {T}wo {MPA}s (one in the {B}alearic {I}slands and one in {S}ardinia) emerged as crucial nodes for ensuring multi-generational connectivity. {T}he high heterogeneity of {MPA} distribution, with low density in the {S}outh-{E}astern {M}editerranean, coupled with a mean dispersal distance of 120 km, leaves about 20% of the continental shelf without any larval supply. {T}his low connectivity, here demonstrated for a major {M}editerranean species, poses new challenges for the creation of a future {M}editerranean network of well-connected {MPA}s providing recruitment to the whole continental shelf. {T}his issue is even more critical given that the expected reduction of pelagic larval duration following sea temperature rise will likely decrease connectivity even more.},
  keywords = {{MEDITERRANEE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}los {O}ne},
  volume = {8},
  numero = {7},
  pages = {e68564},
  ISSN = {1932-6203},
  year = {2013},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.pone.0068564},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010060580},
}