@article{fdi:010060555,
  title = {{D}ecadal fingerprints of freshwater discharge around {G}reenland in a multi-model ensemble},
  author = {{S}wingedouw, {D}. and {R}odehacke, {C}. {B}. and {B}ehrens, {E}. and {M}enary, {M}. and {O}lsen, {S}. {M}. and {G}ao, {Y}. {Q}. and {M}ikolajewicz, {U}. and {M}ignot, {J}uliette and {B}iastoch, {A}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he recent increase in the rate of the {G}reenland ice sheet melting has raised with urgency the question of the impact of such a melting on the climate. {A}s former model projections, based on a coarse representation of the melting, show very different sensitivity to this melting, it seems necessary to consider a multi-model ensemble to tackle this question. {H}ere we use five coupled climate models and one ocean-only model to evaluate the impact of 0.1 {S}v (1 {S}v = 10(6) m(3)/s) of freshwater equally distributed around the coast of {G}reenland during the historical era 1965-2004. {T}he ocean-only model helps to discriminate between oceanic and coupled responses. {I}n this idealized framework, we find similar fingerprints in the fourth decade of hosing among the models, with a general weakening of the {A}tlantic {M}eridional {O}verturning {C}irculation ({AMOC}). {I}nitially, the additional freshwater spreads along the main currents of the subpolar gyre. {P}art of the anomaly crosses the {A}tlantic eastward and enters into the {C}anary {C}urrent constituting a freshwater leakage tapping the subpolar gyre system. {A}s a consequence, we show that the {AMOC} weakening is smaller if the leakage is larger. {W}e argue that the magnitude of the freshwater leakage is related to the asymmetry between the subpolar-subtropical gyres in the control simulations, which may ultimately be a primary cause for the diversity of {AMOC} responses to the hosing in the multi-model ensemble. {A}nother important fingerprint concerns a warming in the {N}ordic {S}eas in response to the re-emergence of {A}tlantic subsurface waters capped by the freshwater in the subpolar gyre. {T}his subsurface heat anomaly reaches the {A}rctic where it emerges and induces a positive upper ocean salinity anomaly by introducing more {A}tlantic waters. {W}e found similar climatic impacts in all the coupled ocean-atmosphere models with an atmospheric cooling of the {N}orth {A}tlantic except in the region around the {N}ordic {S}eas and a slight warming south of the equator in the {A}tlantic. {T}his meridional gradient of temperature is associated with a southward shift of the tropical rains. {T}he free surface models also show similar sea-level fingerprints notably with a comma-shape of high sea-level rise following the {C}anary {C}urrent.},
  keywords = {{G}reenland ice sheet melting ; {T}hermohaline circulation ; {O}ceanic gyre ; {O}cean-atmosphere interactions ; {O}ceanic dynamics ; {S}ea-level rise ; {AMOC} ; {N}orth {A}tlantic ; {GROENLAND} ; {OCEAN} {ATLANTIQUE} {NORD}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{C}limate {D}ynamics},
  volume = {41},
  numero = {3-4},
  pages = {695--720},
  ISSN = {0930-7575},
  year = {2013},
  DOI = {10.1007/s00382-012-1479-9},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010060555},
}