@article{fdi:010060440,
  title = {{N}ucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutations associated with first-line stavudine-containing antiretroviral therapy : programmatic implications for countries phasing out stavudine},
  author = {{T}ang, {M}. {W}. and {R}hee, {S}. {Y}. and {B}ertagnolio, {S}. and {F}ord, {N}. and {H}olmes, {S}. and {S}igaloff, {K}. {C}. and {H}amers, {R}. {L}. and de {W}it, {T}. {F}. {R}. and {F}leury, {H}. {J}. and {K}anki, {P}. {J}. and {R}uxrungtham, {K}. and {H}awkins, {C}. {A}. and {W}allis, {C}. {L}. and {S}tevens, {W}. and van {Z}yl, {G}. {U}. and {M}anosuthi, {W}. and {H}osseinipour, {M}. {C}. and {N}go-{G}iang-{H}uong, {N}icole and {B}elec, {L}. and {P}eeters, {M}artine and {A}ghokeng {F}obang, {A}velin and {B}unupuradah, {T}. and {B}urda, {S}. and {C}ane, {P}. and {C}appelli, {G}. and {C}harpentier, {C}. and {D}agnra, {A}. {Y}. and {D}eshpande, {A}. {K}. and {E}l-{K}atib, {Z}. and {E}shleman, {S}. {H}. and {F}okam, {J}. and {G}ody, {J}. {C}. and {K}atzenstein, {D}. and {K}oyalta, {D}. {D}. and {K}umwenda, {J}. {J}. and {L}allemant, {M}arc and {L}ynen, {L}. and {M}arconi, {V}. {C}. and {M}argot, {N}. {A}. and {M}oussa, {S}. and {N}dung'u, {T}. and {N}yambi, {P}. {N}. and {O}rrell, {C}. and {S}chapiro, {J}. {M}. and {S}chuurman, {R}. and {S}irivichayakul, {S}. and {S}mith, {D}. and {Z}olfo, {M}. and {J}ordan, {M}. {R}. and {S}hafer, {R}. {W}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he {W}orld {H}ealth {O}rganization {A}ntiretroviral {T}reatment {G}uidelines recommend phasing-out stavudine because of its risk of long-term toxicity. {T}here are two mutational pathways of stavudine resistance with different implications for zidovudine and tenofovir cross-resistance, the primary candidates for replacing stavudine. {H}owever, because resistance testing is rarely available in resource-limited settings, it is critical to identify the cross-resistance patterns associated with first-line stavudine failure. {W}e analyzed {HIV}-1 resistance mutations following first-line stavudine failure from 35 publications comprising 1,825 individuals. {W}e also assessed the influence of concomitant nevirapine vs. efavirenz, therapy duration, and {HIV}-1 subtype on the proportions of mutations associated with zidovudine vs. tenofovir cross-resistance. {M}utations with preferential zidovudine activity, {K}65{R} or {K}70{E}, occurred in 5.3% of individuals. {M}utations with preferential tenofovir activity, >= two thymidine analog mutations ({TAM}s) or {Q}151{M}, occurred in 22% of individuals. {N}evirapine increased the risk of {TAM}s, {K}65{R}, and {Q}151{M}. {L}onger therapy increased the risk of {TAM}s and {Q}151{M} but not {K}65{R}. {S}ubtype {C} and {CRF}01_{AE} increased the risk of {K}65{R}, but only {CRF}01_{AE} increased the risk of {K}65{R} without {Q}151{M}. {R}egardless of concomitant nevirapine vs. efavirenz, therapy duration, or subtype, tenofovir was more likely than zidovudine to retain antiviral activity following first-line d4{T} therapy.},
  keywords = {{HIV}-1 ; drug resistance ; mutations ; nucleoside reverse transcriptase ; inhibitor ; {NRTI} ; stavudine ; d4{T} ; zidovudine ; {AZT} ; tenofovir ; {TDF} ; subtypes},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {I}nfectious {D}iseases},
  volume = {207},
  numero = {2},
  pages = {{S}70--{S}77},
  ISSN = {0022-1899},
  year = {2013},
  DOI = {10.1093/infdis/jit114},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010060440},
}