@article{fdi:010060414,
  title = {{A}daptive selection on {B}racovirus genomes drives the specialization of {C}otesia parasitoid wasps},
  author = {{J}ancek, {S}. and {B}ezier, {A}. and {G}ayral, {P}. and {P}aillusson, {C}. and {K}aiser, {L}. and {D}upas, {S}t{\'e}phane and {L}e {R}ü, {B}runo and {B}arbe, {V}. and {P}eriquet, {G}. and {D}rezen, {J}. {M}. and {H}erniou, {E}. {A}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he geographic mosaic of coevolution predicts parasite virulence should be locally adapted to the host community. {C}otesia parasitoid wasps adapt to local lepidopteran species possibly through their symbiotic bracovirus. {T}he virus, essential for the parasitism success, is at the heart of the complex coevolutionary relationship linking the wasps and their hosts. {T}he large segmented genome contained in the virus particles encodes virulence genes involved in host immune and developmental suppression. {C}oevolutionary arms race should result in the positive selection of particular beneficial alleles. {T}o understand the global role of bracoviruses in the local adaptation or specialization of parasitoid wasps to their hosts, we studied the molecular evolution of four bracoviruses associated with wasps of the genus {C}otesia, including {C} congregata, {C} vestalis and new data and annotation on two ecologically differentiated populations of {C} sesamie, {K}itale and {M}ombasa. {P}aired orthologs analyses revealed more genes under positive selection when comparing the two {C} sesamiae bracoviruses belonging to the same species, and more genes under strong evolutionary constraint between species. {F}urthermore branch-site evolutionary models showed that 17 genes, out of the 54 currently available shared by the four bracoviruses, harboured sites under positive selection including: the histone {H}4-like, a {C}-type lectin, two ep1-like, ep2, a viral ankyrin, {C}r{V}1, a ben-domain, a {S}erine-rich, and eight unknown genes. {L}astly the phylogenetic analyses of the histone, ep2 and {C}r{V}1 genes in different {A}frican {C} sesamiae populations showed that each gene described differently the individual relationships. {I}n particular we found recombination had happened between the ep2 and {C}r{V}1 genes, which are localized 37.5 kb apart on the wasp chromosomes. {I}nvolved in multidirectional coevolutionary interactions, {C} sesamiae wasps rely on different bracovirus mediated molecular pathways to overcome local host resistance.},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}los {O}ne},
  volume = {8},
  numero = {5},
  pages = {art. e64432},
  ISSN = {1932-6203},
  year = {2013},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.pone.0064432},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010060414},
}