@article{fdi:010060404,
  title = {{B}razilian beef cattle feedlot manure management : a country survey},
  author = {{C}osta, {C}. and {G}oulart, {R}. {S}. and {A}lbertini, {T}. {Z}. and {F}eigl, {B}. {J}. and {C}erri, {C}. {E}. {P}. and {V}asconcelos, {J}. {T}. and {B}ernoux, {M}artial and {L}anna, {D}. {P}. {D}. and {C}erri, {C}. {C}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{N}o information regarding the management of manure from beef cattle feedlots is available for {B}razil. {T}o fill this knowledge gap, a survey of 73 feedlots was conducted in 7 {B}razilian states. {I}n this survey, questions were asked regarding animal characteristics, their diets, and manure handling management from generation to disposal. {T}hese feedlots finished 831,450 animals in 2010. {T}he predominant breed fed was {N}ellore, with average feeding periods of 60 to 135 d. {C}orn was the primary source of grain used in the feedlot diets (76% of surveyed animals) with concentrate inclusion levels ranging from 81 to 90% (38% of surveyed animals). {T}he most representative manure management practice was the removal of manure from pens only at the end of the feeding period. {S}ubsequently, the manure was stored in mounds before being applied to crop and pasture lands. {R}unoff, mainly from rainwater, was collected in retention ponds and used for agriculture. {H}owever, the quantity of runoff was not known. {M}anure was composted for only 20% of the animals in the survey and was treated in anaerobic digesters for only 1% of the animals. {M}anure from 59% of the cattle surveyed was used as fertilizer, providing a cost savings over the use of synthetic fertilizers. {O}verall, chemical analysis of the manure before application to fields was conducted for the manure of 56% of the surveyed animals, but the exact quantity applied (per hectare) was unknown for 48%. {F}eedlots representing 48% of the surveyed animals noted similar or greater crop and pasture yields when using manure, rather than synthetic fertilizers. {I}n addition, 32% mentioned an increase in soil organic matter. {F}eedlots representing 88% of the surveyed cattle indicated that information concerning management practices that improve manure use efficiency is lacking. {F}eedlots representing 93% of the animals in the survey reported having basic information regarding the generation of energy and fertilizer with anaerobic digesters. {H}owever, only 1 feedlot implemented this technology. {I}n conclusion, the manure management evaluated in this study represents an important indirect economic benefit that was represented by decreased use of synthetic fertilizers in crops. {H}owever, little attention was given to the specific treatments and environmental impacts of handling manure. {T}his survey provides information that should assist in the development of better research practices and broader application of future models.},
  keywords = {beef production ; {B}razil ; livestock ; manure handling ; survey ; {BRESIL}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {A}nimal {S}cience},
  volume = {91},
  numero = {4},
  pages = {1811--1818},
  ISSN = {0021-8812},
  year = {2013},
  DOI = {10.2527/jas2012-5603},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010060404},
}