@article{fdi:010060155,
  title = {{T}he epidemiology and geographic distribution of relapsing fever {B}orreliosis in {W}est and {N}orth {A}frica, with a review of the {O}rnithodoros erraticus {C}omplex ({A}cari: {I}xodida)},
  author = {{T}rape, {J}ean-{F}ran{\c{c}}ois and {D}iatta, {G}. and {A}rnathau, {C}. and {B}itham, {I}. and {S}arih, {M}. and {B}elghyti, {D}. and {B}ouattour, {A}. and {E}lguero, {E}ric and {V}ial, {L}. and {M}ane, {Y}. and {B}ald{\'e}, {C}. and {P}rugnolle, {F}ranck and {C}hauvancy, {G}illes and {M}ah{\'e}, {G}il and {G}ranjon, {L}aurent and {D}uplantier, {J}ean-{M}arc and {D}urand, {P}. and {R}enaud, {F}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground: {R}elapsing fever is the most frequent bacterial disease in {A}frica. {F}our main vector / pathogen complexes are classically recognized, with the louse {P}ediculus humanus acting as vector for {B}. recurrentis and the soft ticks {O}rnithodoros sonrai, {O}. erraticus and {O}. moubata acting as vectors for {B}orrelia crocidurae, {B}. hispanica and {B}. duttonii, respectively. {O}ur aim was to investigate the epidemiology of the disease in {W}est, {N}orth and {C}entral {A}frica. {M}ethods {A}nd {F}indings: {F}rom 2002 to 2012, we conducted field surveys in 17 {A}frican countries and in {S}pain. {W}e investigated the occurrence of {O}rnithodoros ticks in rodent burrows in 282 study sites. {W}e collected 1,629 small mammals that may act as reservoir for {B}orrelia infections. {U}sing molecular methods we studied genetic diversity among {O}rnithodoros ticks and {B}orrelia infections in ticks and small mammals. {O}f 9,870 burrows investigated, 1,196 (12.1%) were inhabited by {O}rnithodoros ticks. {I}n {W}est {A}frica, the southern and eastern limits of the vectors and {B}orrelia infections in ticks and small mammals were 13°{N} and 01°{E}, respectively. {M}olecular studies revealed the occurrence of nine different {O}rnithodoros species, including five species new for science, with six of them harboring {B}orrelia infections. {O}nly {B}. crocidurae was found in {W}est {A}frica and three {B}orrelia species were identified in {N}orth {A}frica: {B}. crocidurae, {B}. hispanica, and {B}. merionesi. {C}onclusions: {B}orrelia {S}pirochetes responsible for relapsing fever in humans are highly prevalent both in {O}rnithodoros ticks and small mammals in {N}orth and {W}est {A}frica but {O}rnithodoros ticks seem absent south of 13°{N} and small mammals are not infected in these regions. {T}he number of {O}rnithodoros species acting as vector of relapsing fever is much higher than previously known.},
  keywords = {{INFECTION} ; {BACTERIE} ; {VECTEUR} ; {EPIDEMIOLOGIE} ; {REPARTITION} {GEOGRAPHIQUE} ; {CAPTURE} ; {DIAGNOSTIC} ; {BIOLOGIE} {MOLECULAIRE} ; {PHYLOGENIE} ; {ETUDE} {COMPARATIVE} ; {BORRELIOSE} ; {TIQUE} ; {NOMENCLATURE} ; {RONGEUR} ; {DETECTION} ; {DIVERSITE} {GENETIQUE} ; {TECHNIQUE} {PCR} ; {AFRIQUE} ; {AFRIQUE} {DE} {L}'{OUEST} ; {AFRIQUE} {DU} {NORD} ; {AFRIQUE} {CENTRALE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}lo{S} {O}ne},
  volume = {8},
  numero = {11},
  pages = {e78473 (19 )},
  ISSN = {1932-6203},
  year = {2013},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.pone.0078473},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010060155},
}