@article{fdi:010059908,
  title = {{I}ncreased {CO}2 outgassing in {F}ebruary-{M}ay 2010 in the tropical {A}tlantic following the 2009 {P}acific {E}l {N}ino},
  author = {{L}ef{\`e}vre, {N}athalie and {C}aniaux, {G}. and {J}anicot, {S}erge and {G}ueye, {A}bdou {K}arim},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he fugacity of {CO}2 (f{CO}2) has been measured underway during the voyages of a merchant ship sailing from {F}rance to {B}razil since 2008. {H}igh f{CO}2 values are observed in 2010, between approximately 8 degrees {S} and 8 degrees {N}, and are particularly pronounced in boreal spring. {T}hese high values are explained by the anomalous situation occurring in the tropical {A}tlantic in 2010 after the 2009 {E}l {N}ino in the {P}acific. {T}he weakening of the trade winds during the {E}l {N}ino event contributes to an increase of sea surface temperatures in the tropical {A}tlantic and a northward shift of the intertropical convergence zone. {T}he anomalous position of the intertropical convergence zone is accompanied by reduced precipitation in boreal spring and hence a higher than usual sea surface salinity. {T}he year 2010 is also characterized by a strong positive {A}tlantic multidecadal oscillation index and a negative {N}orth {A}tlantic oscillation index that contribute to the tropical {A}tlantic warming. {P}ositive anomalies of both surface temperature and salinity cause an increase of surface {CO}2, leading to a stronger outgassing of {CO}2 in 2010 compared with 2009 and 2011. {T}he main factor responsible for the {CO}2 anomalies is the {P}acific {E}l {N}ino teleconnection. {T}he {A}tlantic multidecadal oscillation index also contributes in the northern hemisphere, and the role of the {N}orth {A}tlantic oscillation is negligible.},
  keywords = {fugacity of {CO}2 ; tropical {A}tlantic ; {ATLANTIQUE} ; {ZONE} {TROPICALE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {G}eophysical {R}esearch. {O}ceans},
  volume = {118},
  numero = {4},
  pages = {1645--1657},
  ISSN = {2169-9275},
  year = {2013},
  DOI = {10.1002/jgrc.20107},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010059908},
}