@article{fdi:010059907,
  title = {{T}he major floods in the {A}mazonas river and tributaries ({W}estern {A}mazon {B}asin) during the 1970-2012 period : a focus on the 2012 flood},
  author = {{E}spinoza, {J}. {C}. and {R}onchail, {J}. and {F}rappart, {F}. and {L}avado, {W}. and {S}antini, {W}illiam and {G}uyot, {J}ean-{L}oup},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{I}n this work, the authors analyze the origin of the extreme floods in the {P}eruvian {A}mazonas {R}iver during the 1970-2012 period, focusing on the recent {A}pril 2012 flooding (55 400 m(3) s(-1)). {S}everal hydrological variables, such as rainfall, terrestrial water storage, and discharge, point out that the unprecedented 2012 flood is mainly related to an early and abundant wet season over the north of the basin. {T}hus, the peak of the {M}aranon {R}iver, the northern contributor of the {A}mazonas, occurred sooner than usual (in {A}pril instead of {M}ay), coinciding with the peak of the {U}cayali {R}iver, the southern contributor. {T}his concomitance caused a dramatic flood downstream in the {P}eruvian {A}mazonas. {T}hese results are compared to the amplitude and timing of the three most severe extreme floods (1970-2011). {T}he analysis of the climatic features related to the most important floods (1986, 1993, 1999, and 2012) suggests that they are characterized by a {L}a {N}ina event, which originates a geopotential height wave train near the ground, with positive anomalies over the subtropical {S}outh and {N}orth {P}acific and {A}tlantic and over southeastern {S}outh {A}merica. {T}hese patterns contribute to 1) the origin of an abundant humidity transport flux from the tropical {N}orth {A}tlantic and the {C}aribbean {S}ea toward the northwestern {A}mazon and 2) the maintenance of the monsoon flux over this region. {T}hey both favor a strong convergence of humidity in the northern {A}mazonas basin. {F}inally, the authors suggest that the intensity of floods is more likely related to an early {L}a {N}ina event (as observed during the 2011/12 season), early rainfall, and simultaneous peaks of both tributaries of the {A}mazonas {R}iver.},
  keywords = {{PEROU} ; {AMAZONIE} ; {AMAZONE} {BASSIN}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {H}ydrometeorology},
  volume = {14},
  numero = {3},
  pages = {1000--1008},
  ISSN = {1525-755{X}},
  year = {2013},
  DOI = {10.1175/jhm-d-12-0100.1},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010059907},
}