@article{fdi:010059018,
  title = {{P}opulation dynamics of {G}lossina palpalis gambiensis symbionts, {S}odalis glossinidius, and {W}igglesworthia glossinidia, throughout host-fly development},
  author = {{S}oumana, {I}. {H}. and {B}erthier, {D}. and {T}chicaya, {B}. and {T}h{\'e}venon, {S}. and {N}jiokou, {F}. and {C}uny, {G}{\'e}rard and {G}eiger, {A}nne},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he tsetse fly ({D}iptera: {G}lossinidae), the vector of trypanosomes causing human and animal trypanosomiasis, harbors symbiotic microorganisms including the primary symbiont {W}igglesworthia glossinidia, involved in the fly's nutrition and fertility, and the secondary symbiont {S}odalis glossinidius, involved in the trypanosome establishment in the fly's midgut {B}oth symbionts are maternally transmitted to the intrauterine progeny through the fly's milk gland secretions. {I}n this study, we investigated the population dynamics of these symbionts during fly development. {W}igglesworthia and {S}odalis densities were estimated using quantitative {PCR} performed on {G}lossina palpalis gambiensis at different developmental stages. {T}he results showed that the density of the primary {W}igglesworthia symbiont was higher than that of {S}odalis for all host developmental stages. {S}odalis densities remained constant in pupae, but increased significantly in adult flies. {T}he opposite situation was observed for {W}igglesworthia, whose density increased in pupae and remained constant during the female adult stage. {M}oreover, {W}igglesworthia density increased significantly during the transition from the pupal to the teneral stage, while mating had a contradictory effect depending on the age of the fly. {F}inally, tsetse fly colonization by both symbionts appears as a continuous and adaptive process throughout the insect's development. {L}ast, the study demonstrated both symbionts of {G}. p. gambiensis, the vector of the chronic form of human {A}frican trypanosomiasis, to be permanent inhabitants of the colony flies throughout their life span. {T}his was expected for the primary symbiont, {W}igglesworthia, but not necessarily for the secondary symbiont, {S}. glossinidius, whose permanent presence is not required for the fly's survival. {T}his result is of importance as {S}odalis could be involved in the tsetse fly vector competence and may constitute a target in the frame of sleeping sickness fighting strategies.},
  keywords = {{T}setse fly ; {W}igglesworthia ; {S}odalis ; {S}ymbiont density ; {H}ost development ; {Q}uantitative {PCR} ; {AFRIQUE} {SUB} {SAHARIENNE} ; {BURKINA} {FASO}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{I}nfection {G}enetics and {E}volution},
  volume = {13},
  numero = {},
  pages = {41--48},
  ISSN = {1567-1348},
  year = {2013},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.meegid.2012.10.003},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010059018},
}