@article{fdi:010058951,
  title = {{G}lobal biogeography and diversification of palms sheds light on the evolution of tropical lineages. {II}. {D}iversification history and origin of regional assemblages},
  author = {{B}aker, {W}. {J}. and {C}ouvreur, {T}homas},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{A}im {P}alms ({A}recaceae/{P}almae) are a model group for evolutionary studies in the tropics. {I}n two companion papers, we aim to establish a general framework of palm evolution, exploring the geographical distribution of palm lineages and species diversity patterns at global and regional levels. {I}n this, the second paper, we analyse the biogeographical events underlying regional palm assemblages and diversification processes across the family. {W}e investigate the timing and location of diversification rate shifts and test the odd man out pattern of low species diversity observed in the {A}frican palm flora. {L}ocation {G}lobal. {M}ethods {A} complete, dated phylogeny of palm genera and ancestral area reconstructions were used to infer the biogeographical history of regional palm assemblages. {D}iversification rates for all genera were estimated and significant shifts in diversification rates across the family were identified under a maximum likelihood model. {R}esults {F}ollowing their early diversification in {L}aurasia around 100 {M}a, palms dispersed southwards before the end of the {C}retaceous. {F}ew dispersal events into {A}frica, {N}orth {A}merica and {S}outh {A}merica were inferred, whereas numerous lineages migrated between {E}urasia, the {P}acific and the {I}ndian {O}cean. {T}hirteen diversification rate increases were identified. {H}igh diversification rates were found only in lineages from {A}sia, the {A}mericas, the {P}acific and the {I}ndian {O}cean, but not in any {A}frican groups. {D}iversification decreases were not identified in any lineage. {M}ain conclusions {D}ispersal of palms into their present-day distribution started during the {L}ate {C}retaceous, consistent with the first fossil records for rain forests in {A}frica and {S}outh {A}merica. {T}he few dispersal events into {S}outh {A}merica and {A}frica emphasize the isolated position of these continents for most of the {C}enozoic. {I}n contrast, high dispersal between {E}urasia, the {P}acific and the {I}ndian {O}cean, notably during the {M}iocene, can be attributed to geological activity in the region, especially in {M}alesia. {L}ow species diversity in {A}frica relative to other regions is explained here by increased in situ diversification in {A}sia, the {A}mericas, the {P}acific and the {I}ndian {O}cean, rather than by diversification rate decreases in {A}frica. {T}his may prove to be a general pattern in other organisms showing a similar disparity in richness in {A}frica.},
  keywords = {{A}frica ; {A}ncestral area reconstruction ; {A}recaceae ; boreotropical ; hypothesis ; diversification rates ; historical biogeography ; {P}almae ; tropical rain forests ; {ZONE} {TROPICALE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {B}iogeography},
  volume = {40},
  numero = {2},
  pages = {286--298},
  ISSN = {0305-0270},
  year = {2013},
  DOI = {10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02794.x},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010058951},
}