@article{fdi:010057151,
  title = {{T}he forgotten {D} : challenges of addressing forest degradation in complex mosaic landscapes under {REDD}},
  author = {{M}ertz, {O}. and {M}uller, {D}. and {S}ikor, {T}. and {H}ett, {C}. and {H}einimann, {A}. and {C}astella, {J}ean-{C}hristophe and {L}estrelin, {G}uillaume and {R}yan, {C}. {M}. and {R}eay, {D}. {S}. and {S}chmidt-{V}ogt, {D}. and {D}anielsen, {F}. and {T}heilade, {I}. and van {N}oordwijk, {M}. and {V}erchot, {L}. {V}. and {B}urgess, {N}. {D}. and {B}erry, {N}. {J}. and {P}ham, {T}. {T}. and {M}esserli, {P}. and {X}u, {J}. {C}. and {F}ensholt, {R}. and {H}ostert, {P}. and {P}flugmacher, {D}. and {B}ruun, {T}. {B}. and de {N}eergaard, {A}. and {D}ons, {K}. and {D}ewi, {S}. and {R}utishauser, {E}. and {S}un, {Z}. {L}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{I}nternational climate negotiations have stressed the importance of considering emissions from forest degradation under the planned {REDD}+ ({R}educing {E}missions from {D}eforestation and forest {D}egradation + enhancing forest carbon stocks) mechanism. {H}owever, most research, pilot-{REDD}+ projects and carbon certification agencies have focused on deforestation and there appears to be a gap in knowledge on complex mosaic landscapes containing degraded forests, smallholder agriculture, agroforestry and plantations. {I}n this paper we therefore review current research on how avoided forest degradation may affect emissions of greenhouse gases ({GHG}) and expected co-benefits in terms of biodiversity and livelihoods. {T}here are still high uncertainties in measuring and monitoring emissions of carbon and other {GHG} from mosaic landscapes with forest degradation since most research has focused on binary analyses of forest vs. deforested land. {S}tudies on the impacts of forest degradation on biodiversity contain mixed results and there is little empirical evidence on the influence of {REDD}+ on local livelihoods and tenure security, partly due to the lack of actual payment schemes. {G}overnance structures are also more complex in landscapes with degraded forests as there are often multiple owners and types of rights to land and trees. {R}ecent technological advances in remote sensing have improved estimation of carbon stock changes but establishment of historic reference levels is still challenged by the availability of sensor systems and ground measurements during the reference period. {T}he inclusion of forest degradation in {REDD}+ calls for a range of new research efforts to enhance our knowledge of how to assess the impacts of avoided forest degradation. {A} first step will be to ensure that complex mosaic landscapes can be recognised under {REDD}+ on their own merits.},
  keywords = {{REDD} ; forest degradation ; deforestation ; mosaic landscapes ; forest ; carbon ; greenhouse gases ; livelihoods ; biodiversity ; governance ; monitoring ; remote sensing},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{G}eografisk {T}idsskrift-{D}anish {J}ournal of {G}eography},
  volume = {112},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {63--76},
  ISSN = {0016-7223},
  year = {2012},
  DOI = {10.1080/00167223.2012.709678},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010057151},
}