@article{fdi:010055727,
  title = {{W}ind, waves, and acoustic background levels at {S}tation {ALOHA}},
  author = {{D}uennebier, {F}. {K}. and {L}ukas, {R}. and {N}osal, {E}. {M}. and {A}ucan, {J}er{\^o}me and {W}eller, {R}. {A}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{F}requency spectra from deep-ocean near-bottom acoustic measurements obtained contemporaneously with wind, wave, and seismic data are described and used to determine the correlations among these data and to discuss possible causal relationships. {M}icroseism energy appears to originate in four distinct regions relative to the hydrophone: wind waves above the sensors contribute microseism energy observed on the ocean floor; a fraction of this local wave energy propagates as seismic waves laterally, and provides a spatially integrated contribution to microseisms observed both in the ocean and on land; waves in storms generate microseism energy in deep water that travels as seismic waves to the sensor; and waves reflected from shorelines provide opposing waves that add to the microseism energy. {C}orrelations of local wind speed with acoustic and seismic spectral time series suggest that the local {L}onguet-{H}iggins mechanism is visible in the acoustic spectrum from about 0.4 {H}z to 80 {H}z. {W}ind speed and acoustic levels at the hydrophone are poorly correlated below 0.4 {H}z, implying that the microseism energy below 0.4 {H}z is not typically generated by local winds. {C}orrelation of ocean floor acoustic energy with seismic spectra from {O}ahu and with wave spectra near {O}ahu imply that wave reflections from {H}awaiian coasts, wave interactions in the deep ocean near {H}awaii, and storms far from {H}awaii contribute energy to the seismic and acoustic spectra below 0.4 {H}z. {W}avefield directionality strongly influences the acoustic spectrum at frequencies below about 2 {H}z, above which the acoustic levels imply near-isotropic surface wave directionality.},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {G}eophysical {R}esearch. {O}ceans},
  volume = {117},
  numero = {},
  pages = {{C}03017},
  ISSN = {0148-0227},
  year = {2012},
  DOI = {10.1029/2011jc007267},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010055727},
}