@article{fdi:010054421, title = {{G}lobal implementation of marine protected areas : is the developing world being left behind ?}, author = {{M}arinesque, {S}ophie and {K}aplan, {D}avid and {R}odwell, {L}. {D}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{W}hile the global network of marine protected areas ({MPA}s) has recently been evaluated in the light of bio-geographic targets, there has been no attempt to evaluate the relative conservation efforts made by the different nations with regards to their level of socio-economic development. {U}sing information mostly gathered from the world database on protected areas ({WDPA}), this paper gives a comparative assessment of {MPA} progress in countries from different economic categories, ranging from advanced economies to least developed countries ({LDC}s). {P}otentially explanatory socio-economic and environmental factors, such as fishing activity and existence of vulnerable marine ecosystems, for variability between nations in the level of {MPA} implementation are also explored. {E}xisting {MPA} databases demonstrate a clear gap between developed and developing nations in {MPA} establishment, with advanced economies accounting for two thirds of the global {MPA} network. {P}atterns of {MPA} use, however, remain extremely heterogeneous between countries within each development group. {I}nternational agreements on marine conservation, above and beyond the influence of country socioeconomic and environmental profiles, are identified as a stimulating factor to {MPA} implementation. {T}he level dependence on marine resource extraction appears to impede {MPA} implementation, though the relationship is not statistically significant due to large heterogeneity among countries. {L}eading developed nations increasingly use {MPA}s to designate integrated and adaptive management areas, and implementation of large "no-take" reserves in relatively-pristine overseas areas continues to accelerate. {T}hese analyses highlight certain limitations regarding our ability to assess the true conservation effectiveness of the existing global {MPA} network and the need for improved indicators of {MPA} restrictions and management efforts.}, keywords = {{M}arine protected areas ({MPA}s) ; {M}eta-analysis ; {C}onservation targets ; {I}nternational policy ; {G}ap analysis ; {D}eveloping world}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{M}arine {P}olicy}, volume = {36}, numero = {3}, pages = {727--737}, ISSN = {0308-597{X}}, year = {2012}, DOI = {10.1016/j.marpol.2011.10.010}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010054421}, }