@article{fdi:010054383,
  title = {{N}ear-surface salinity as nature's rain gauge to detect human influence on the tropical water cycle},
  author = {{T}erray, {L}. and {C}orre, {L}. and {C}ravatte, {S}ophie and {D}elcroix, {T}hierry and {R}everdin, {G}. and {R}ibes, {A}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{C}hanges in the global water cycle are expected as a result of anthropogenic climate change, but large uncertainties exist in how these changes will be manifest regionally. {T}his is especially the case over the tropical oceans, where observed estimates of precipitation and evaporation disagree considerably. {A}n alternative approach is to examine changes in near-surface salinity. {D}atasets of observed tropical {P}acific and {A}tlantic near-surface salinity combined with climate model simulations are used to assess the possible causes and significance of salinity changes over the late twentieth century. {T}wo different detection methodologies are then applied to evaluate the extent to which observed large-scale changes in near-surface salinity can be attributed to anthropogenic climate change. {B}asin-averaged observed changes are shown to enhance salinity geographical contrasts between the two basins: the {P}acific is getting fresher and the {A}tlantic saltier. {W}hile the observed {P}acific and interbasin-averaged salinity changes exceed the range of internal variability provided from control climate simulations, {A}tlantic changes are within the model estimates. {S}patial patterns of salinity change, including a fresher western {P}acific warm pool and a saltier subtropical {N}orth {A}tlantic, are not consistent with internal climate variability. {T}hey are similar to anthropogenic response patterns obtained from transient twentieth- and twenty-first-century integrations, therefore suggesting a discernible human influence on the late twentieth-century evolution of the tropical marine water cycle. {C}hanges in the tropical and midlatitudes {A}tlantic salinity levels are not found to be significant compared to internal variability. {I}mplications of the results for understanding of the recent and future marine tropical water cycle changes are discussed.},
  keywords = {{ATLANTIQUE} {TROPICAL} ; {PACIFIQUE} {TROPICAL}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {C}limate},
  volume = {25},
  numero = {3},
  pages = {958--977},
  ISSN = {0894-8755},
  year = {2012},
  DOI = {10.1175/jcli-d-10-05025.1},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010054383},
}