@article{fdi:010054153,
  title = {{E}pidemiologic relationship between {T}oscana vrus ifection and {L}eishmania infantum due to common exposure to {P}hlebotomus perniciosus sandfly vctor},
  author = {{B}ichaud, {L}. and {S}ouris, {M}arc and {M}ary, {C}. and {N}inove, {L}. and {T}hirion, {L}. and {P}iarroux, {R}. {P}. and {P}iarroux, {R}. and de {L}amballerie, {X}avier and {C}harrel, {R}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{S}and flies are recognised vectors of parasites in the genus {L}eishmania and a number of arthropod-borne viruses, in particular viruses within the genus {P}hlebovirus, family {B}unyaviridae. {I}n southern {F}rance, {T}oscana phlebovirus ({TOSV}) is recognized as a prominent cause of summer meningitis. {S}ince {L}eishmania and {TOSV} have a common vector ({P}hlebotomus perniciosus), an epidemiologic link has been assumed for a long time. {H}owever, there is no scientific evidence of such a link between human leishmaniosis and phleboviral infections. {T}o identify a possible link, we investigated the presence and distribution of antibodies against these two microorganisms (i) in individuals and (ii) at a spatial level in the city of {M}arseille (south-eastern {F}rance). {F}ive hundred sera were selected randomly in the biobank of the {D}epartment of {P}arasitology of the {P}ublic {H}ospitals of {M}arseille. {A}ll sera were previously tested for {I}g{G} against {L}eishmania by {W}estern {B}lotting, and {TOSV} {I}g{G} were detected by indirect immunofluorescence. {T}he seropositivity rates were 21.4% for {TOSV} and 28% for {L}eishmania. {S}tatistical analysis demonstrated that seropositivity for one pathogen was significantly associated with seropositivity to the other pathogen. {T}his result provided the first robust evidence for the existence of an epidemiological relationship between {L}eishmania infantum and {TOSV}. {A}ddresses of tested patients were geolocalized and integrated into {G}eographical {I}nformation {S}ystem software, in order to test spatial relationship between the two pathogens. {S}patial analysis did not allow to identify (i) specific patterns for the spatial distribution of positive serological results for {TOSV} or {L}eishmania, and (ii) a spatial relationship between {L}eishmania and {TOSV} positive serological results. {T}his may reflect the fact that the sample studied was not powerful enough to demonstrate either a spatial clustering or co-location, i. e. that the actual risk exposure area is smaller than the mean of distance between patients in our study (245 m).},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}los {N}eglected {T}ropical {D}iseases},
  volume = {5},
  numero = {9},
  pages = {e1328},
  ISSN = {1935-2727},
  year = {2011},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0001328},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010054153},
}