@article{fdi:010053743,
  title = {{F}actors controlling {J}anuary-{A}pril rainfall over southern {I}ndia and {S}ri {L}anka},
  author = {{V}ialard, {J}{\'e}r{\^o}me and {T}erray, {P}ascal and {D}uvel, {J}.{P}. and {N}anjundiah, {R}.{S}. and {S}henoi, {S}.{S}.{C}. and {S}hankar, {D}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{M}ost of the annual rainfall over {I}ndia occurs during the {S}outhwest ({J}une-{S}eptember) and {N}ortheast ({O}ctober-{D}ecember) monsoon periods. {I}n {M}arch 2008, however, {S}outhern peninsular {I}ndia and {S}ri {L}anka received the largest rainfall anomaly on record since 1979, with amplitude comparable to summer-monsoon interannual anomalies. {T}his anomalous rainfall appeared to be modulated at intraseasonal timescale by the {M}adden {J}ulian {O}scillation, and was synchronous with a decaying {L}a {N}ia event in the {P}acific {O}cean. {W}as this a coincidence or indicative of a teleconnection pattern? {I}n this paper, we explore factors controlling rainfall over southern {I}ndia and {S}ri {L}anka between {J}anuary and {A}pril, i.e. outside of the southwest and northeast monsoons. {T}his period accounts for 20% of annual precipitation over {S}ri {L}anka and 10% over the southern {I}ndian states of {K}erala and {T}amil {N}adu. {I}nterannual variability is strong (about 40% of the {J}anuary-{A}pril climatology). {I}ntraseasonal rainfall anomalies over southern {I}ndia and {S}ri {L}anka are significantly associated with equatorial eastward propagation, characteristic of the {M}adden {J}ulian {O}scillation. {A}t the interannual timescale, we find a clear connection with {E}l {N}io-{S}outhern {O}scillation ({ENSO}); with {E}l {N}ios being associated with decreased rainfall (correlation of -0.46 significant at the 98% level). {T}here is also a significant link with local {SST} anomalies over the {I}ndian {O}cean, and in particular with the inter-hemispheric sea surface temperature ({SST}) gradient over the {I}ndian {O}cean (with colder {SST} south of the equator being conducive to more rainfall, correlation of 0.55 significant at the 99% level). {L}a {N}ias/cold {SST}s south of the equator tend to have a larger impact than {E}l {N}ios. {W}e discuss two possible mechanisms that could explain these statistical relationships: (1) subsidence over southern {I}ndia remotely forced by {P}acific {SST} anomalies; (2) impact of {ENSO}-forced regional {I}ndian {O}cean {SST} anomalies on convection. {H}owever, the length of the observational record does not allow distinguishing between these two mechanisms in a statistically significant manner.},
  keywords = {{R}ainfall interannual variability over {I}ndia ; {E}l {N}ino/{S}outhern ; {O}scillation ; {M}adden-{J}ulian {O}scillation ; {T}eleconnections ; {INDE} ; {SRI} {LANKA}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{C}limate {D}ynamics},
  volume = {37},
  numero = {3-4},
  pages = {493--507},
  ISSN = {0930-7575},
  year = {2011},
  DOI = {10.1007/s00382-010-0970-4},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010053743},
}