@article{fdi:010053580,
  title = {{W}ater masses as a unifying framework for understanding the {S}outhern {O}cean carbon cycle},
  author = {{I}udicone, {D}. and {R}odgers, {K}. {B}. and {S}tendardo, {I}. and {A}umont, {O}livier and {M}adec, {G}. and {B}opp, {L}. and {M}angoni, {O}. and {A}lcala d', {M}. {R}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he scientific motivation for this study is to understand the processes in the ocean interior controlling carbon transfer across 30 degrees {S}. {T}o address this, we have developed a unified framework for understanding the interplay between physical drivers such as buoyancy fluxes and ocean mixing, and carbon-specific processes such as biology, gas exchange and carbon mixing. {G}iven the importance of density in determining the ocean interior structure and circulation, the framework is one that is organized by density and water masses, and it makes combined use of {E}ulerian and {L}agrangian diagnostics. {T}his is achieved through application to a global ice-ocean circulation model and an ocean biogeochemistry model, with both components being part of the widely-used {IPSL} coupled ocean/atmosphere/carbon cycle model. {O}ur main new result is the dominance of the overturning circulation (identified by water masses) in setting the vertical distribution of carbon transport from the {S}outhern {O}cean towards the global ocean. {A} net contrast emerges between the role of {S}ubantarctic {M}ode {W}ater ({SAMW}), associated with large northward transport and ingassing, and {A}ntarctic {I}ntermediate {W}ater ({AAIW}), associated with a much smaller export and outgassing. {T}he differences in their export rate reflects differences in their water mass formation processes. {F}or {SAMW}, two-thirds of the surface waters are provided as a result of the densification of thermocline water ({TW}), and upon densification this water carries with it a substantial di-apycnal flux of dissolved inorganic carbon ({DIC}). {F}or {AAIW}, principal formatin processes include buoyancy forcing and mixing, with these serving to lighten {CDW}. {A}n additional important formation pathway of {AAIW} is through the effect of interior processing (mixing, including cabelling) that serve to densify {SAMW}. {A} quantitative evaluation of the contribution of mixing, biology and gas exchange to the {DIC} evolution per water mass reveals that mixing and, secondarily, gas exchange, effectively nearly balance biology on annual scales (while the latter process can be dominant at seasonal scale). {T}he distribution of {DIC} in the northward flowing water at 30 degrees {S} is thus primarily set by the {DIC} values of the water masses that are involved in the formation processes.},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{B}iogeosciences},
  volume = {8},
  numero = {5},
  pages = {1031--1052},
  ISSN = {1726-4170},
  year = {2011},
  DOI = {10.5194/bg-8-1031-2011},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010053580},
}