Revisiting long-term adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy in Senegal using latent class analysisBastard, M.Fall, M. B. K.Lanièce, I.Taverne, BernardDesclaux, AliceEcochard, R.Sow, P. S.Delaporte, EricEtard, Jean-Françoisantiretroviral therapyadherencelatent class analysismixed modelwomenSenegalBackground: Adherence is one of the main predictors of antiretroviral treatment success. A governmental initiative was launched in 1998 for HIV-infected patients in Senegal to provide access to highly active antiretroviral therapy. Methods: Between August 1998 and April 2002, 404 adult patients were enrolled. Adherence measurements, defined as pills taken/pills prescribed, were assessed between November 1999 and April 2009 using a pill count along with a questionnaire for 330 patients. Predictors of adherence were explored through a random-intercept Tobit model and a latent class analysis (LCA) was performed to identify adherence trajectories. We also performed a survival analysis taking into account gender and latent adherence classes. Results: Median treatment duration was 91 months (interquartile range, 84-101). On average, adherence declined by 7% every year, was 30% lower for patients taking indinavir, and 12% higher for those receiving cotrimoxazole prophylaxis. Based on the predicted probability of having an adherence >= 95%, LCA revealed 3 adherence behaviors and a better adherence for women. A quarter of patients had a high adherence trajectory over time and half had an intermediate one. Male gender and low adherence behavior over time were independently associated with a higher mortality rate. Conclusions: This study shows that an overall good adherence can be obtained in the long term in Senegal. LCA suggests a better adherence for women and points out a large subsample of patients with intermediate level of adherence behavior who are at risk for developing resistance to antiretroviral drugs. This study warrants further research into gender issues.2011texthttp://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010053486oai:ird.fr:fdi:010053486Bastard M., Fall M. B. K., Lanièce I., Taverne Bernard, Desclaux Alice, Ecochard R., Sow P. S., Delaporte Eric, Etard Jean-François. Revisiting long-term adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy in Senegal using latent class analysis. Jaids-Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2011, 57 (1), p. 55-61.