@article{fdi:010052995,
  title = {{T}he imprint of the {S}lave {T}rade in an {A}frican {A}merican population : mitochondrial {DNA}, {Y} chromosome and {HTLV}-1 analysis in the {N}oir {M}arron of {F}rench {G}uiana},
  author = {{B}rucato, {N}. and {C}assar, {O}. and {T}onasso, {L}. and {T}ortevoye, {P}. and {M}igot {N}abias, {F}lorence and {P}lancoulaine, {S}. and {G}uitard, {E}. and {L}arrouy, {G}. and {G}essain, {A}. and {D}ugoujon, {J}.{M}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground: {R}etracing the genetic histories of the descendant populations of the {S}lave {T}rade (16(th)-19(th) centuries) is particularly challenging due to the diversity of {A}frican ethnic groups involved and the different hybridisation processes with {E}uropeans and {A}merindians, which have blurred their original genetic inheritances. {T}he {N}oir {M}arron in {F}rench {G}uiana are the direct descendants of maroons who escaped from {D}utch plantations in the current day {S}urinam. {T}hey represent an original ethnic group with a highly blended culture. {U}niparental markers (mt{DNA} and {NRY}) coupled with {HTLV}-1 sequences (env and {LTR}) were studied to establish the genetic relationships linking them to {A}frican {A}merican and {A}frican populations. {R}esults: {A}ll genetic systems presented a high conservation of the {A}frican gene pool ({A}frican ancestry: mt{DNA} = 99.3%; {NRY} = 97.6%; {HTLV}-1 env = 20/23; {HTLV}-1 {LTR} = 6/8). {N}either founder effect nor genetic drift was detected and the genetic diversity is within a range commonly observed in {A}frica. {H}igher genetic similarities were observed with the populations inhabiting the {B}ight of {B}enin (from {I}vory {C}oast to {B}enin). {O}ther ancestries were identified but they presented an interesting sex-bias. {W}hilst male origins spread throughout the north of the bight (from {B}enin to {S}enegal), female origins were spread throughout the south (from the {I}vory {C}oast to {A}ngola). {C}onclusions: {T}he {N}oir {M}arron are unique in having conserved their {A}frican genetic ancestry, despite major cultural exchanges with {A}merindians and {E}uropeans through inhabiting the same region for four centuries. {T}heir maroon identity and the important number of slaves deported in this region have maintained the original {A}frican diversity. {A}ll these characteristics permit to identify a major origin located in the former region of the {G}old {C}oast and the {B}ight of {B}enin; regions highly impacted by slavery, from which goes a sex-biased longitudinal gradient of ancestry.},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{B}mc {E}volutionary {B}iology},
  volume = {10},
  numero = {},
  pages = {314},
  ISSN = {1471-2148},
  year = {2010},
  DOI = {10.1186/1471-2148-10-314},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010052995},
}