@article{fdi:010052923,
  title = {{A}dditional haplogroups of {T}oxoplasma gondii out of {A}frica : population structure and mouse-virulence of strains from {G}abon},
  author = {{M}ercier, {A}. and {D}evillard, {S}. and {N}goubangoye, {B}. and {B}onnabau, {H}. and {B}anuls, {A}nne-{L}aure and {D}urand, {P}atrick and {S}alle, {B}. and {A}jzenberg, {D}. and {D}arde, {M}.{L}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground: {T}oxoplasma gondii is found worldwide, but distribution of its genotypes as well as clinical expression of human toxoplasmosis varies across the continents. {S}everal studies in {E}urope, {N}orth {A}merica and {S}outh {A}merica argued for a role of genotypes in the clinical expression of human toxoplasmosis. {G}enetic data concerning {T}. gondii isolates from {A}frica are scarce and not sufficient to investigate the population structure, a fundamental analysis for a better understanding of distribution, circulation, and transmission. {M}ethodology/{P}rincipal {F}indings: {S}eropositive animals originating from urban and rural areas in {G}abon were analyzed for {T}. gondii isolation and genotyping. {S}ixty-eight isolates, including one mixed infection (69 strains), were obtained by bioassay in mice. {G}enotyping was performed using length polymorphism of 13 microsatellite markers located on 10 different chromosomes. {R}esults were analyzed in terms of population structure by {B}ayesian statistical modeling, {N}eighbor-joining trees reconstruction based on genetic distances, {F}-{ST} and linkage disequilibrium. {A} moderate genetic diversity was detected. {T}hree haplogroups and one single genotype clustered 27 genotypes. {T}he majority of strains belonged to one haplogroup corresponding to the worldwide {T}ype {III}. {T}he remaining strains were distributed into two haplogroups ({A}frica 1 and 3) and one single genotype. {M}ouse virulence at isolation was significantly different between haplogroups. {A}frica 1 haplogroup was the most virulent. {C}onclusion: {A}frica 1 and 3 haplogroups were proposed as being new major haplogroups of {T}. gondii circulating in {A}frica. {A} possible link with strains circulating in {S}outh and {C}entral {A}merica is discussed. {A}nalysis of population structure demonstrated a local spread within a rural area and strain circulation between the main cities of the country. {T}his circulation, favored by human activity could lead to genetic exchanges. {F}or the first time, key epidemiological questions were addressed for the {W}est {A}frican {T}. gondii population, using the high discriminatory power of microsatellite markers, thus creating a basis for further epidemiological and clinical investigations.},
  keywords = {{GABON}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}lo{S} {N}eglected {T}ropical {D}iseases},
  volume = {4},
  numero = {11},
  pages = {e876 [12 ]},
  ISSN = {1935-2727},
  year = {2010},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0000876},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010052923},
}