@article{fdi:010049603,
  title = {{I}mpacts of warm and cold situations in the {M}editerranean basins on the {W}est {A}frican monsoon : observed connection patterns (1979-2006) and climate simulations},
  author = {{F}ontaine, {B}. and {G}arcia-{S}errano, {J}. and {R}oucou, {P}. and {R}odriguez-{F}onseca, {B}. and {L}osada, {T}. and {C}hauvin, {F}. and {G}ervois, {S}. and {S}ijikumar, {S}. and {R}uti, {P}. and {J}anicot, {S}erge},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{U}sing both empirical and numerical ensemble approaches this study focuses on the {M}editerranean/{W}est {A}frican relationship in northern summer. {S}tatistical analyses utilize skin temperature, sea surface temperature, in situ and satellite rainfall, outgoing longwave radiation ({OLR}) observations and reanalyzed data winds and specific humidity on isobaric surfaces. {N}umerical investigations are based on a large set of sensitivity experiments performed on four atmospheric general circulation models ({AGCM}): {ARPEGE}-{C}limat3, {ECHAM}4, {LMDZ}4 and {UCLA}7.3. {M}odel outputs are compared to observations, discussed model by model and with an ensemble (multi-model) approach. {A}s in previous studies the anomalous {M}editerranean warm events are associated with specific impacts over the {A}frican monsoon region, i.e., a more intense monsoon, enhanced flux convergence and ascendances around the {ITCZ}, a strengthening of low level moisture advection and a more northward location of ascending motion in {W}est {A}frica. {T}he results show also new features (1) thermal variability observed in the two {M}editerranean basins has unalike impacts, i.e. the western {M}editerranean covaries with convection in {G}ulf of {G}uinea, while the eastern {M}editerranean can be interpreted as {S}ahelian thermal-forcing; (2) although observations show symmetry between warming and cooling, modelling evidences only support the eastern warming influence; (3) anomalous {E}ast warm situations are associated with a more northward migration of the monsoon system accompanied by enhanced southwertely flow and weakened northeasterly climatological wind; (4) the multi-model response shows that anomalous {E}ast warm surface temperatures generate an enhancement of the overturning circulation in low and high levels, an increase in {TEJ} ({T}ropical {E}easterly {J}et) and a decrease in {AEJ} ({A}frican {E}easterly {J}et).},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{C}limate {D}ynamics},
  volume = {35},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {95--114},
  ISSN = {0930-7575},
  year = {2010},
  DOI = {10.1007/s00382-009-0599-3},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010049603},
}