@article{fdi:010049435,
  title = {{M}easured and modelled sublimation on the tropical {G}laciar {A}rtesonraju, {P}eru},
  author = {{W}inkler, {M}. and {J}uen, {I}. and {M}olg, {T}. and {W}agnon, {P}atrick and {G}omez, {J}. and {K}aser, {G}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{S}ublimation plays a decisive role in the surface energy and mass balance of tropical glaciers. {D}uring the dry season ({M}ay-{S}eptember) low specific humidity and high surface roughness favour the direct transition from ice to vapour and drastically reduce the energy available for melting. {H}owever, field measurements are scarce and little is known about the performance of sublimation parameterisations in glacier mass balance and runoff models. {D}uring 15 days in {A}ugust 2005 sublimation was measured on the tongue of {G}laciar {A}rtesonraju (8 degrees 58' {S}, 77 degrees 38'{W}) in the {C}ordillera {B}lanca, {P}eru, using simple lysimeters. {I}ndicating a strong dependence on surface roughness, daily totals of sublimation range from 1-3 kg m(-2) for smooth to 25 kg m(-2) for rough conditions. ({T}he 15-day means at that time of wind speed and specific humidity were 4.3m s(-1) and 3.8 g kg(-1), respectively.) {M}easured sublimation was related to characteristic surface roughness lengths for momentum (z(m)) and for the scalar quantities of temperature and water vapour (z(s)), using a process-based mass balance model. {I}nput data were provided by automatic weather stations, situated on the glacier tongue at 4750 m a.s.l. and 4810m a.s.l., respectively. {U}nder smooth conditions the combination z(m)=2.0 mm and z(s)=1.0 mm appeared to be most appropriate, for rough conditions z(m)=20.0 mm and z(s)=10.0mm fitted best. {E}xtending the sublimation record from {A}pril 2004 to {D}ecember 2005 with the process-based model confirms, that sublimation shows a clear seasonality. 60-90% of the energy available for ablation is consumed by sublimation in the dry season, but only 10-15% in the wet season ({O}ctober-{A}pril). {T}he findings are finally used to evaluate the parameterisation of sublimation in the lower-complexity mass balance model {ITGG}, which has the advantage of requiring precipitation and air temperature as only input data. {I}t turns out that the implementation of mean wind speed is a possible improvement for the representation of sublimation in the {ITGG} model.},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{C}ryosphere},
  volume = {3},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {21--30},
  ISSN = {1994-0416},
  year = {2009},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010049435},
}