@article{fdi:010048467,
  title = {{T}wo-way coupling versus one-way forcing of plankton and fish models to predict ecosystem changes in the {B}enguela},
  author = {{T}ravers, {M}organe and {S}hin, {Y}unne-{J}ai and {J}ennings, {S}. and {M}achu, {E}ric and {H}uggett, {J}. {A}. and {F}ield, {J}. {G}. and {C}ury, {P}hilippe},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {'{E}nd-to-end' models have been adopted in an attempt to capture more of the processes that influence the ecology of marine ecosystems and to make system wide predictions of the effects of fishing and climate change. {H}ere, we develop an end-to-end model by coupling existing models that describe the dynamics of low ({ROMS}-{N}(2){P}(2){Z}(2){D}(2)) and high trophic levels({OSMOSE}). {ROMS}-{N}(2){P}(2){Z}(2){D}(2) is a biogeochemical model representing phytoplankton and zooplankton seasonal dynamics forced by hydrodynamics in the {B}enguela upwelling ecosystem. {OSMOSE} is an individual-based model representing the dynamics of several species of fish, linked through opportunistic and size-based trophic interactions. {T}he models are coupled through a two-way size-based predation process. {P}lankton provides prey for fish, and the effects of predation by fish on the plankton are described by a plankton mortality term that is variable in space and time. {U}sing the end-to-end model, we compare the effects of two-way coupling versus one-way forcing of the fish model with the plankton biomass field. {T}he fish-induced mortality on plankton is temporally variable, in part explained by seasonal changes in fish biomass. {I}nclusion of two-way feedback affects the seasonal dynamics of plankton groups and usually reduces the amplitude of variation in abundance (top-down effect). {F}orcing and coupling lead to different predicted food web structures owing to changes in the dominant food chain which is supported by plankton (bottom-up effect). {O}ur comparisons of one-way forcing and two-way coupling show how feedbacks may affect abundance, food web structure and food web function and emphasise the need to critically examine the consequences of different model architectures when seeking to predict the effects of fishing and climate change.},
  keywords = {{E}nd-to-end approach ; {M}arine ecosystem model coupling ; {P}redation ; {M}arine ; food web ; {B}enguela upwelling ; {ECEM} 07},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{E}cological {M}odelling},
  volume = {220},
  numero = {21},
  pages = {3089--3099},
  ISSN = {0304-3800},
  year = {2009},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.08.016},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010048467},
}