@article{fdi:010048465,
  title = {{T}he influence of {C}ongo {R}iver discharges in the surface and deep layers of the {G}ulf of {G}uinea},
  author = {{V}angriesheim, {A}. and {P}ierre, {C}. and {A}minot, {A}. and {M}etzl, {N}. and {B}aurand, {F}ran{\c{c}}ois and {C}aprais, {J}. {C}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he main feature of the {C}ongo-{A}ngola margin in the {G}ulf of {G}uinea is the {C}ongo (ex-{Z}aire) deep-sea fan composed of a submarine canyon directly connected to the {C}ongo {R}iver, a channel and a [sediment] lobe area. {D}uring the multi-disciplinary programme called {BIOZAIRE} conducted by {I}fremer from 2000 to 2005, two {CTD}-{O}-2 sections with discrete water column samples were performed ({BIOZAIRE}3 cruise: 2003-2004) to study the influence of the {C}ongo {R}iver discharges, both in the surface layer and in the deep and near-bottom layers. {T}he surface layer water is greatly diluted with river water that has a heavy particle load. {T}he deep layer is affected by episodic turbidity currents that flow in the deep {C}ongo channel and reach deep areas far from the coast. {P}revious studies revealed deep anomalies in oxygen (deficit) and nutrient (excess) concentrations at similar to 4000 m depth and assumed that they resulted from mineralisation of the particulate organic matter from the {C}ongo {R}iver. {T}he {BIOZAIRE}3 sections were designed to explore these phenomena in more detail near the {C}ongo channel. {O}xygen and nutrients were measured as well as additional parameters, including stable isotopes of oxygen and carbon, dissolved inorganic carbon and p{H}. {F}or the surface layer, the effect of the {C}ongo {R}iver was studied with reference to salinity. {D}eviations from the theoretical dilution of various inorganic solutes suggested the occurrence of mineralisation and consumption processes. {F}or the deep layer, the network of {CTD}-{O}-2 stations gave a more detailed description of the deep anomalies than in previous studies. {F}rom the east-west section, anomalies appeared on the bottom at 4000m depth and became slightly shallower when they spread to the west. {T}hey were also present north and south on the bottom along the 4000 m isobath. {I}n these deep waters, the decrease in the {VC} values of dissolved inorganic carbon confirmed that the mineralisation of organic matter plays a role in generating these anomalies. {T}he location of the origin of this deep anomaly is debated. {H}ere, arguments are given in favour of mineralisation of the particulate organic matter input that overflows from the {C}ongo channel at similar to 4000 m depth during turbidity current events. {O}ther authors suggest that this input comes from downslope particle transport. {A}nomalies of the same origin, but weaker, also occurred deeper on the {C}ongo lobe, where the {C}ongo channel ends, but with a significant p{H} decrease on the bottom which was not seen at 4000 m depth.},
  keywords = {{G}ulf of {G}uinea ; {C}ongo canyon ; {O}xygen anomaly ; {N}utrient anomaly ; {S}table isotopes ; {DIC}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{D}eep-{S}ea {R}esearch {II} -{T}opical {S}tudies in {O}ceanography},
  volume = {56},
  numero = {23},
  pages = {2183--2196},
  ISSN = {0967-0645},
  year = {2009},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.04.002},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010048465},
}