@article{fdi:010046223,
  title = {{P}olymorphism of intron-1 in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene of {A}nopheles gambiae s.s. populations from {C}ameroon with emphasis on insecticide knockdown resistance mutations},
  author = {{E}tang, {J}. and {V}icente, {J}. {L}. and {N}wane, {P}. and {C}houaibou, {M}. and {M}orlais, {I}sabelle and {D}o {R}osario, {V}. {E}. and {S}imard, {F}r{\'e}d{\'e}ric and {A}wono {A}mb{\'e}n{\'e}, {P}. and {T}oto, {J}. {C}. and {P}into, {J}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{S}equence variation at the intron-1 of the voltage-gated sodium channel gene in {A}nopheles gambiae {M}- and {S}-forms from {C}ameroon was assessed to explore the number of mutational events originating knockdown resistance (kdr) alleles. {M}osquitoes were sampled between {D}ecember 2005 and {J}une 2006 from three geographical areas: (i) {M}agba in the western region; (ii) {L}oum, {T}iko, {D}ouala, {K}ribi, and {C}ampo along the {A}tlantic coast; and (iii) {B}ertoua, in the eastern continental plateau. {B}oth 1014{S} and 1014{F} kdr alleles were found in the {S}-form with overall frequencies of 14% and 42% respectively. {O}nly the 1014{F} allele was found in the {M}-form at lower frequency (11%). {A}nalysis of a 455 bp region of intron-1 upstream the kdr locus revealed four independent mutation events originating kdr alleles, here named {MS}1 -1014{F}, {S}1-1014{S} and {S}2-1014{S} kdr-intron-1 haplotypes in {S}-form and {MS}3-1014{F} kdr-intron-1 haplotype in the {M}-form. {F}urthermore, there was evidence for mutual introgression of kdr 1014{F} allele between the two molecular forms, {MS}1 and {MS}3 being widely shared by them. {A}lthough no {M}/{S} hybrid was observed in analysed samples, this wide distribution of haplotypes {MS}1 and {MS}3 suggests inter-form hybridizing at significant level and emphasizes the rapid diffusion of the kdr alleles in {A}frica. {T}he mosaic of genetic events found in {C}ameroon is representative of the situation in the {W}est-{C}entral {A}frican region and highlights the importance of evaluating the spatial and temporal evolution of kdr alleles for a better management of insecticide resistance.},
  keywords = {{A}nopheles gambiae ; {C}ameroon ; insecticide resistance ; intron-1 ; malaria ; mutations},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{M}olecular {E}cology},
  volume = {18},
  numero = {14},
  pages = {3076--3086},
  ISSN = {0962-1083},
  year = {2009},
  DOI = {10.1111/j.1365-294{X}.2009.04256.x},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010046223},
}