@article{fdi:010044251,
  title = {{C}hemical composition of urban aerosols in {T}oulouse, {F}rance during {CAPITOUL} experiment},
  author = {{C}alvo, {A}. {I}. and {P}ont, {V}. and {L}iousse, {C}. and {D}upr{\'e}, {B}ernard and {M}ariscal, {A}rmand and {Z}ouiten, {C}. and {G}ardrat, {E}. and {C}astera, {P}. and {L}acaux, {C}. {G}. and {C}astro, {A}. and {F}raile, {R}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{A}mbient {PM}10 and {PM}2.5 aerosols were monitored in {T}oulouse from {M}arch 2004 to {F}ebruary 2005 ({E}xtensive {O}bserved {P}eriod ({EOP})) as part of the research project {CAPITOUL} ({C}anopy and {A}erosol {P}articles {I}nteraction in {TO}ulouse {U}rban {L}ayer). {C}oncentrations of 8 major ions ({N}a+, {NH}4+, {K}+, {M}g+2, {C}a+2, {C}l-, {NO}3, {SO}42), 15 metal elements ({A}l, {B}a, {C}d, {C}e, {C}r, {C}u, {F}e, {L}a, {M}n, {N}i, {P}b, {S}r, {T}h, {T}i, {Z}n), and carbonaceous aerosols [{TC}, {POM} and {EC} (total carbon, organic carbon and elemental carbon, respectively)] were measured in a total of 52 samples of each size. {I}nter-seasonal variations were analyzed. {W}eekly {PM}2.5 and {PM} 10 total mass concentrations (major ions + carbon + metal elements) were 4.4-18.0 mu m(-3) and 6.5-23.5 mu g m(-3), with an annual average concentration of 11.0 +/- 3.6 mu g m(-3) and 13.2 + 4.3 mu g m(-3), respectively. {T}he highest concentration for sulfate was found in summer and fall, whereas the highest {NO}3- concentration was observed in winter. {T}his study is strengthened by {K}ruskal-{W}allis and {M}ann-{W}hitney statistical tests. {O}n average, carbonaceous species constitute between 49% and 75% of the monthly concentration registered, {POM} concentration always remaining higher (ratio more than 51%) than {EC} in both size ranges. {T}he average {OC}/{EC} ratios were 2.70 +/- 0.81 and 2.70 +/- 0.60 for {PM}2.5 and {PM}10, re-spectively. {S}econdary organic carbon concentrations were significantly higher in the warmer seasons reaching in summer average ratios of 65.9% and 64.5% of the total {OC} concentration for {PM}2.5 and {PM}10, respectively. {S}econdary organic carbon was produced in the fine fraction of the aerosol. {M}etal elements analysis and enrichment factor calculations show that traffic emissions were the major influence on the chemical composition of the urban aerosol. {A} receptor modeling study was conducted using {P}rincipal {C}omponent {F}actor {A}nalysis followed by multi-linear regression analysis in order to provide quantitative insights into the sources of specific chemical components in {PM}10.},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{M}eteorology and {A}tmospheric {P}hysics},
  volume = {102},
  numero = {3-4},
  pages = {307--323},
  ISSN = {0177-7971},
  year = {2008},
  DOI = {10.1007/s00703-008-0319-2},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010044251},
}