@article{fdi:010042587,
  title = {{D}ynamics of insecticide resistance in the malaria vector {A}nopheles gambiae s.l. from an area of extensive cotton cultivation in {N}orthern {C}ameroon},
  author = {{C}houa{\¨ie}bou, {M}ouhamadou and {E}tang, {J}osiane and {B}r{\'e}vault, {T}. and {N}wane, {P}hilippe and {H}inzoumbe, {C}. {K}. and {M}impfoundi, {R}. and {S}imard, {F}r{\'e}d{\'e}ric},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{O}bjective {T}o explore temporal variation in insecticide susceptibility of {A}nopheles gambiae s.l. populations to the four chemical groups of insecticides used in public health and agriculture, in close match with the large-scale cotton spraying programme implemented in the cotton-growing area of {N}orth {C}ameroon. {M}ethods {M}osquito larvae were collected in 2005 before (mid {J}une), during (mid {A}ugust) and at the end (early {O}ctober) of the cotton spraying programme. {L}arvae were sampled in breeding sites located within the cotton fields in {G}aschiga and {P}itoa, and in {G}aroua, an urban cotton-free area that served as a control. {I}nsecticide susceptibility tests were carried out with 4% {DDT} (organochlorine), 0.4% chlorpyrifos methyl (organophosphate), 0.1% propoxur (carbamate), 0.05% deltamethrin and 0.75% permethrin (pyrethroids). {R}esults {T}hroughout the survey, {A}n. gambiae s.l. populations were completely susceptible to carbamate and organophosphate, whereas a significant decrease of susceptibility to organochlorine and pyrethroids was observed during spraying in cotton-growing areas. {T}olerance to these insecticides was associated with a slight increase of knockdown times compared to the reference strain. {A}mong survivor mosquitoes, the {E}ast and {W}est {A}frican {K}dr mutations were detected only in two specimens of {A}n. gambiae s.s. (n = 45) and not in {A}nopheles arabiensis (n = 150), suggesting metabolic-based resistance mechanisms. {C}onclusions {E}nvironmental disturbance due to the use of insecticides in agriculture may provide local mosquito populations with the enzymatic arsenal selecting tolerance to insecticides.},
  keywords = {malaria ; {A}nopheles gambiae ; {A}nopheles arabiensis ; insecticide resistance ; agriculture ; {C}ameroon},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{T}ropical {M}edicine and {I}nternational {H}ealth},
  volume = {13},
  numero = {4},
  pages = {476--486},
  ISSN = {1360-2276},
  year = {2008},
  DOI = {10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02025.x},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010042587},
}