@article{fdi:010041539,
  title = {{H}uman-induced physical disturbances and their indicators on coral reef habitats : a multi-scale approach},
  author = {{C}habanet, {P}ascale and {A}djeroud, {M}. and {A}ndrefouet, {S}erge and {B}ozec, {Y}ves-{M}arie and {F}erraris, {J}ocelyne and {G}arcia {C}harton, {J}.{A}. and {S}chrimm, {M}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}his article aims to review 1) the major and most frequent human-induced physical disturbances and their consequences on coral reef habitats using a multi-scale approach, and 2) the scale-related indicators and conceptual aspects used to detect and measure the effects of these physical impacts. {B}y physical disturbances, we mean direct perturbations that lead to the destruction/erosion of the carbonate framework. {H}uman-induced direct physical disturbances are numerous from coastal development, tourism, harvesting, accidents and nuclear/weapon testing. {S}ince methods for monitoring and measuring indicators are generally scale-implicit, coral reefs are first presented according to different ecological-spatial scales of organization, from colony to region (colony, reefscape, reef zone. whole reef, island and region). {I}n this way, it is easier to link a couple (habitat, disturbance) to their potential indicators and to the descriptors they target. {T}hree classes of descriptors, related to the response of the living, component of coral reef ecosystem, are considered here: stony coral, reef fishes and the human uses. {A} synthesis of the different options for coral habitat assessments is proposed. {W}e sort them according to their objectives (monitor, initial status or improvement of knowledge), their specificities (identification or not of a specific disturbances) and their scale of investigation (small, meso- or large scales). {U}sually, the majority of the indicators of human-induced disturbances are non-specific. {T}hey reveal that something is happening but not the actual causality and can only detect differences across time or space. {A} major weakness lies in the difficulty in deconvoluting the signals from a conjunction of stressors occurring at different scales. {A}s such, a hierarchical concept of disturbances in coral reefs would be the next logical step to enhance our capabilities in monitoring and forecasting coral reefs status.},
  keywords = {coral reef ; physical disturbances ; habitat ; human induced disturbances ; indicator},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{A}quatic {L}iving {R}esources},
  volume = {18},
  numero = {3},
  pages = {215--230},
  ISSN = {0990-7440},
  year = {2005},
  DOI = {10.1051/alr:2005028},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010041539},
}