@article{fdi:010040640,
  title = {{P}ast and present distribution, densities and movements of blue whales {B}alaenoptera musculus in the {S}outhern {H}emisphere and northern {I}ndian {O}cean},
  author = {{B}ranch, {T}. {A}. and {S}tafford, {K}. {M}. and {P}alacios, {D}. {M}. and {A}llison, {C}. and {B}annister, {J}. {L}. and {B}urton, {C}. {L}. {K}. and {C}abrera, {E}. and {C}arlson, {C}. {A}. and {V}ernazzani, {B}. {G}. and {G}ill, {P}. {C}. and {H}ucke {G}aete, {R}. and {J}enner, {K}. {C}. {S}. and {J}enner, {M}. {N}. {M}. and {M}atsuoka, {K}. and {M}ikhalev, {Y}. {A}. and {M}iyashita, {T}. and {M}orrice, {M}. {G}. and {N}ishiwaki, {S}. and {S}turrock, {V}. {J}. and {T}ormosov, {D}. and {A}nderson, {R}. {C}. and {B}aker, {A}. {N}. and {B}est, {P}. {B}. and {B}orsa, {P}hilippe and {B}rownell, {R}. {L}. and {C}hilderhouse, {S}. and {F}indlay, {K}. {P}. and {G}errodette, {T}. and {I}langakoon, {A}. {D}. and {J}oergensen, {M}. and {K}ahn, {B}. and {L}jungblad, {D}. {K}. and {M}aughan, {B}. and {M}c{C}auley, {R}. {D}. and {M}c{K}ay, {S}. and {N}orris, {T}. {F}. and {W}hale, {O}. and {R}ankin, {S}. and {S}amaran, {F}. and {T}hiele, {D}. and {V}an {W}aerebeek, {K}. and {W}arneke, {R}. {M}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {1. {B}lue whale locations in the {S}outhern {H}emisphere and northern {I}ndian {O}cean were obtained from catches (303 239), sightings (4383 records of >= 8058 whales), strandings (103), {D}iscovery marks (2191) and recoveries (95), and acoustic recordings. 2. {S}ighting surveys included 7 480 450 km of effort plus 14 676 days with unmeasured effort. {G}roups usually consisted of solitary whales (65.2%) or pairs (24.6%); larger feeding aggregations of unassociated individuals were only rarely observed. {S}ighting rates (groups per 1000 km from many platform types) varied by four orders of magnitude and were lowest in the waters of {B}razil, {S}outh {A}frica, the eastern tropical {P}acific, {A}ntarctica and {S}outh {G}eorgia; higher in the {S}ubantarctic and {P}eru; and highest around {I}ndonesia, {S}ri {L}anka, {C}hile, southern {A}ustralia and south of {M}adagascar. 3. {B}lue whales avoid the oligotrophic central gyres of the {I}ndian, {P}acific and {A}tlantic {O}ceans, but are more common where phytoplankton densities are high, and where there are dynamic oceanographic processes like upwelling and frontal meandering. 4. {C}ompared with historical catches, the {A}ntarctic ('true') subspecies is exceedingly rare and usually concentrated closer to the summer pack ice. {I}n summer they are found throughout the {A}ntarctic; in winter they migrate to southern {A}frica (although recent sightings there are rare) and to other northerly locations (based on acoustics), although some overwinter in the {A}ntarctic. 5. {P}ygmy blue whales are found around the {I}ndian {O}cean and from southern {A}ustralia to {N}ew {Z}ealand. {A}t least four groupings are evident: northern {I}ndian {O}cean, from {M}adagascar to the {S}ubantarctic, {I}ndonesia to western and southern {A}ustralia, and from {N}ew {Z}ealand northwards to the equator. {S}ighting rates are typically much higher than for {A}ntarctic blue whales. 6. {S}outh-east {P}acific blue whales have a discrete distribution and high sighting rates compared with the {A}ntarctic. {F}urther work is needed to clarify their subspecific status given their distinctive genetics, acoustics and length frequencies. 7. {A}ntarctic blue whales numbered 1700 (95% {B}ayesian interval 860-2900) in 1996 (less than 1% of original levels), but are increasing at 7.3% per annum (95% {B}ayesian interval 1.4-11.6%). {T}he status of other populations in the {S}outhern {H}emisphere and northern {I}ndian {O}cean is unknown because few abundance estimates are available, but higher recent sighting rates suggest that they are less depleted than {A}ntarctic blue whales.},
  keywords = {{A}ntarctic blue whales ; {B}alaenoptera musculus brevicauda ; {B}alaenoptera musculus indica ; {B}alaenoptera musculus intermedia ; distribution ; pygmy blue whales ; true blue whales ; whaling},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{M}ammal {R}eview},
  volume = {37},
  numero = {2},
  pages = {116--175},
  ISSN = {0305-1838},
  year = {2007},
  DOI = {10.1111/j.1365-2907.2007.00106.x},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010040640},
}