@article{fdi:010037973,
  title = {{T}he use of the scintillation technique for monitoring seasonal water consumption of olive orchards in a semi-arid region},
  author = {{E}zzahar, {J}. and {C}hehbouni, {A}bdelghani and {H}oedjes, {J}oost {C}. {B}. and {E}r {R}aki, {S}. and {C}hehbouni, {A}. and {B}oulet, {G}illes and {B}onnefond, {J}. {M}. and {D}e {B}ruin, {H}. {A}. {R}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}o monitor seasonal water consumption of agricultural fields at large scale, spatially averaged surface fluxes of sensible heat ({H}) and latent heat ({L}v{E}) are required. {T}he scintillation method is shown to be a promising device for obtaining the area-averaged sensible heat fluxes, on a scale of up to 10 km. {T}hese fluxes, when combined with a simple available energy model, can be used to derive area-averaged latent heat fluxes. {F}or this purpose, a {L}arge {A}perture {S}cintillometer ({LAS}) was operated continuously for more than one year over a tall and sparse irrigated oliveyard located in south-central {M}arrakesh ({M}orocco). {D}ue to the flood irrigation method used in the site, which induces irregular pattern of soil moisture both in space and time, the comparison between scintillometer-based estimates of daily sensible heat flux ({H}-{LAS}) and those measured by the classical eddy covariance ({EC}) method ({H}-{EC}) showed a large scatter during the irrigation events, while a good correspondence was found during homogenous conditions (dry conditions and days following the rain events). {W}e found, that combining a simple available energy model and the {LAS} measurements, the latent heat can be reliably predicted at large scale in spite of the large scatter ({R}-2 = 0.72 and {RMSE} = 18.25 {W} m(-2)) that is obtained when comparing the {LAS} against the {EC}. {T}his scatter is explained by different factors: the difference in terms of the source areas of the {LAS} and {EC}, the closure failure of the energy balance of the {EC}, and the error in available energy estimates. {A}dditionally, the irrigation efficiency was investigated by comparing measured seasonal evapotranspiration values to those recommended by the {FAO}. {I}t was found that the visual observation of the physical conditions of the plant is not sufficient to efficiently manage the irrigation, a large quantity of water is lost (approximate to 37% of total irrigation). {C}onsequently, the {LAS} can be considered as a potentially useful tool to monitor the water consumption in complex conditions.},
  keywords = {large aperture scintillometer ; eddy covariance ; energy balance ; olive ; flood irrigation ; semi arid region},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{A}gricultural {W}ater {M}anagement},
  volume = {89},
  numero = {3},
  pages = {173--184},
  ISSN = {0378-3774},
  year = {2007},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.agwat.2006.12.015},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010037973},
}